Documentation/s390/3270.txt - linux-2.6 - Gitiles Standalone

 IBM 3270 Display System support

 This file describes the driver that supports local channel attachment
 of IBM 3270 devices.  It consists of three sections:
 	* Introduction
 	* Installation
 	* Operation


 INTRODUCTION.

 This paper describes installing and operating 3270 devices under
 Linux/390.  A 3270 device is a block-mode rows-and-columns terminal of
 which I'm sure hundreds of millions were sold by IBM and clonemakers
 twenty and thirty years ago.

 You may have 3270s in-house and not know it.  If you're using the
 VM-ESA operating system, define a 3270 to your virtual machine by using
 the command "DEF GRAF <hex-address>"  This paper presumes you will be
 defining four 3270s with the CP/CMS commands

 	DEF GRAF 620
 	DEF GRAF 621
 	DEF GRAF 622
 	DEF GRAF 623

 Your network connection from VM-ESA allows you to use x3270, tn3270, or
 another 3270 emulator, started from an xterm window on your PC or
 workstation.  With the DEF GRAF command, an application such as xterm,
 and this Linux-390 3270 driver, you have another way of talking to your
 Linux box.

 This paper covers installation of the driver and operation of a
 dialed-in x3270.


 INSTALLATION.

 You install the driver by installing a patch, doing a kernel build, and
 running the configuration script (config3270.sh, in this directory).

 WARNING:  If you are using 3270 console support, you must rerun the
 configuration script every time you change the console's address (perhaps
 by using the condev= parameter in silo's /boot/parmfile).  More precisely,
 you should rerun the configuration script every time your set of 3270s,
 including the console 3270, changes subchannel identifier relative to
 one another.  ReIPL as soon as possible after running the configuration
 script and the resulting /tmp/mkdev3270.

 If you have chosen to make tub3270 a module, you add a line to
 /etc/modprobe.conf.  If you are working on a VM virtual machine, you
 can use DEF GRAF to define virtual 3270 devices.

 You may generate both 3270 and 3215 console support, or one or the
 other, or neither.  If you generate both, the console type under VM is
 not changed.  Use #CP Q TERM to see what the current console type is.
 Use #CP TERM CONMODE 3270 to change it to 3270.  If you generate only
 3270 console support, then the driver automatically converts your console
 at boot time to a 3270 if it is a 3215.

 In brief, these are the steps:
 	1. Install the tub3270 patch
 	2. (If a module) add a line to /etc/modprobe.conf
 	3. (If VM) define devices with DEF GRAF
 	4. Reboot
 	5. Configure

 To test that everything works, assuming VM and x3270,
 	1. Bring up an x3270 window.
 	2. Use the DIAL command in that window.
 	3. You should immediately see a Linux login screen.

 Here are the installation steps in detail:

 	1.  The 3270 driver is a part of the official Linux kernel
 	source.  Build a tree with the kernel source and any necessary
 	patches.  Then do
 		make oldconfig
 		(If you wish to disable 3215 console support, edit
 		.config; change CONFIG_TN3215's value to "n";
 		and rerun "make oldconfig".)
 		make image
 		make modules
 		make modules_install

 	2. (Perform this step only if you have configured tub3270 as a
 	module.)  Add a line to /etc/modprobe.conf to automatically
 	load the driver when it's needed.  With this line added,
 	you will see login prompts appear on your 3270s as soon as
 	boot is complete (or with emulated 3270s, as soon as you dial
 	into your vm guest using the command "DIAL <vmguestname>").
 	Since the line-mode major number is 227, the line to add to
 	/etc/modprobe.conf should be:
 		alias char-major-227 tub3270

 	3. Define graphic devices to your vm guest machine, if you
 	haven't already.  Define them before you reboot (reipl):
 		DEFINE GRAF 620
 		DEFINE GRAF 621
 		DEFINE GRAF 622
 		DEFINE GRAF 623

 	4. Reboot.  The reboot process scans hardware devices, including
 	3270s, and this enables the tub3270 driver once loaded to respond
 	correctly to the configuration requests of the next step.  If
 	you have chosen 3270 console support, your console now behaves
 	as a 3270, not a 3215.

 	5. Run the 3270 configuration script config3270.  It is
 	distributed in this same directory, Documentation/s390, as
 	config3270.sh.	Inspect the output script it produces,
 	/tmp/mkdev3270, and then run that script.  This will create the
 	necessary character special device files and make the necessary
 	changes to /etc/inittab.  If you have selected DEVFS, the driver
 	itself creates the device files, and /tmp/mkdev3270 only changes
 	/etc/inittab.

 	Then notify /sbin/init that /etc/inittab has changed, by issuing
 	the telinit command with the q operand:
 		cd Documentation/s390
 		sh config3270.sh
 		sh /tmp/mkdev3270
 		telinit q

 	This should be sufficient for your first time.	If your 3270
 	configuration has changed and you're reusing config3270, you
 	should follow these steps:
 		Change 3270 configuration
 		Reboot
 		Run config3270 and /tmp/mkdev3270
 		Reboot

 Here are the testing steps in detail:

 	1. Bring up an x3270 window, or use an actual hardware 3278 or
 	3279, or use the 3270 emulator of your choice.  You would be
 	running the emulator on your PC or workstation.  You would use
 	the command, for example,
 		x3270 vm-esa-domain-name &
 	if you wanted a 3278 Model 4 with 43 rows of 80 columns, the
 	default model number.  The driver does not take advantage of
 	extended attributes.

 	The screen you should now see contains a VM logo with input
 	lines near the bottom.  Use TAB to move to the bottom line,
 	probably labeled "COMMAND  ===>".

 	2. Use the DIAL command instead of the LOGIN command to connect
 	to one of the virtual 3270s you defined with the DEF GRAF
 	commands:
 		dial my-vm-guest-name

 	3. You should immediately see a login prompt from your
 	Linux-390 operating system.  If that does not happen, you would
 	see instead the line "DIALED TO my-vm-guest-name   0620".

 	To troubleshoot:  do these things.

 	A. Is the driver loaded?  Use the lsmod command (no operands)
 	to find out.  Probably it isn't.  Try loading it manually, with
 	the command "insmod tub3270".  Does that command give error
 	messages?  Ha!  There's your problem.

 	B. Is the /etc/inittab file modified as in installation step 3
 	above?  Use the grep command to find out; for instance, issue
 	"grep 3270 /etc/inittab".  Nothing found?  There's your
 	problem!

 	C. Are the device special files created, as in installation
 	step 2 above?  Use the ls -l command to find out; for instance,
 	issue "ls -l /dev/3270/tty620".  The output should start with the
 	letter "c" meaning character device and should contain "227, 1"
 	just to the left of the device name.  No such file?  no "c"?
 	Wrong major number?  Wrong minor number?  There's your
 	problem!

 	D. Do you get the message
 		 "HCPDIA047E my-vm-guest-name 0620 does not exist"?
 	If so, you must issue the command "DEF GRAF 620" from your VM
 	3215 console and then reboot the system.


 OPERATION.

 The driver defines three areas on the 3270 screen:  the log area, the
 input area, and the status area.

 The log area takes up all but the bottom two lines of the screen.  The
 driver writes terminal output to it, starting at the top line and going
 down.  When it fills, the status area changes from "Linux Running" to
 "Linux More...".  After a scrolling timeout of (default) 5 sec, the
 screen clears and more output is written, from the top down.

 The input area extends from the beginning of the second-to-last screen
 line to the start of the status area.  You type commands in this area
 and hit ENTER to execute them.

 The status area initializes to "Linux Running" to give you a warm
 fuzzy feeling.  When the log area fills up and output awaits, it
 changes to "Linux More...".  At this time you can do several things or
 nothing.  If you do nothing, the screen will clear in (default) 5 sec
 and more output will appear.  You may hit ENTER with nothing typed in
 the input area to toggle between "Linux More..." and "Linux Holding",
 which indicates no scrolling will occur.  (If you hit ENTER with "Linux
 Running" and nothing typed, the application receives a newline.)

 You may change the scrolling timeout value.  For example, the following
 command line:
 	echo scrolltime=60 > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
 changes the scrolling timeout value to 60 sec.  Set scrolltime to 0 if
 you wish to prevent scrolling entirely.

 Other things you may do when the log area fills up are:  hit PA2 to
 clear the log area and write more output to it, or hit CLEAR to clear
 the log area and the input area and write more output to the log area.

 Some of the Program Function (PF) and Program Attention (PA) keys are
 preassigned special functions.  The ones that are not yield an alarm
 when pressed.

 PA1 causes a SIGINT to the currently running application.  You may do
 the same thing from the input area, by typing "^C" and hitting ENTER.

 PA2 causes the log area to be cleared.  If output awaits, it is then
 written to the log area.

 PF3 causes an EOF to be received as input by the application.  You may
 cause an EOF also by typing "^D" and hitting ENTER.

 No PF key is preassigned to cause a job suspension, but you may cause a
 job suspension by typing "^Z" and hitting ENTER.  You may wish to
 assign this function to a PF key.  To make PF7 cause job suspension,
 execute the command:
 	echo pf7=^z > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270

 If the input you type does not end with the two characters "^n", the
 driver appends a newline character and sends it to the tty driver;
 otherwise the driver strips the "^n" and does not append a newline.
 The IBM 3215 driver behaves similarly.

 Pf10 causes the most recent command to be retrieved from the tube's
 command stack (default depth 20) and displayed in the input area.  You
 may hit PF10 again for the next-most-recent command, and so on.  A
 command is entered into the stack only when the input area is not made
 invisible (such as for password entry) and it is not identical to the
 current top entry.  PF10 rotates backward through the command stack;
 PF11 rotates forward.  You may assign the backward function to any PF
 key (or PA key, for that matter), say, PA3, with the command:
 	echo -e pa3=\\033k > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
 This assigns the string ESC-k to PA3.  Similarly, the string ESC-j
 performs the forward function.  (Rationale:  In bash with vi-mode line
 editing, ESC-k and ESC-j retrieve backward and forward history.
 Suggestions welcome.)

 Is a stack size of twenty commands not to your liking?  Change it on
 the fly.  To change to saving the last 100 commands, execute the
 command:
 	echo recallsize=100 > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270

 Have a command you issue frequently?  Assign it to a PF or PA key!  Use
 the command
 	echo pf24="mkdir foobar; cd foobar" > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
 to execute the commands mkdir foobar and cd foobar immediately when you
 hit PF24.  Want to see the command line first, before you execute it?
 Use the -n option of the echo command:
 	echo -n pf24="mkdir foo; cd foo" > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270


 Happy testing!  I welcome any and all comments about this document, the
 driver, etc etc.

 Dick Hitt <rbh00@utsglobal.com>
	IBM 3270 Display System support

	This file describes the driver that supports local channel attachment
	of IBM 3270 devices. It consists of three sections:
	* Introduction
	* Installation
	* Operation


	INTRODUCTION.

	This paper describes installing and operating 3270 devices under
	Linux/390. A 3270 device is a block-mode rows-and-columns terminal of
	which I'm sure hundreds of millions were sold by IBM and clonemakers
	twenty and thirty years ago.

	You may have 3270s in-house and not know it. If you're using the
	VM-ESA operating system, define a 3270 to your virtual machine by using
	the command "DEF GRAF <hex-address>" This paper presumes you will be
	defining four 3270s with the CP/CMS commands

	DEF GRAF 620
	DEF GRAF 621
	DEF GRAF 622
	DEF GRAF 623

	Your network connection from VM-ESA allows you to use x3270, tn3270, or
	another 3270 emulator, started from an xterm window on your PC or
	workstation. With the DEF GRAF command, an application such as xterm,
	and this Linux-390 3270 driver, you have another way of talking to your
	Linux box.

	This paper covers installation of the driver and operation of a
	dialed-in x3270.


	INSTALLATION.

	You install the driver by installing a patch, doing a kernel build, and
	running the configuration script (config3270.sh, in this directory).

	WARNING: If you are using 3270 console support, you must rerun the
	configuration script every time you change the console's address (perhaps
	by using the condev= parameter in silo's /boot/parmfile). More precisely,
	you should rerun the configuration script every time your set of 3270s,
	including the console 3270, changes subchannel identifier relative to
	one another. ReIPL as soon as possible after running the configuration
	script and the resulting /tmp/mkdev3270.

	If you have chosen to make tub3270 a module, you add a line to
	/etc/modprobe.conf. If you are working on a VM virtual machine, you
	can use DEF GRAF to define virtual 3270 devices.

	You may generate both 3270 and 3215 console support, or one or the
	other, or neither. If you generate both, the console type under VM is
	not changed. Use #CP Q TERM to see what the current console type is.
	Use #CP TERM CONMODE 3270 to change it to 3270. If you generate only
	3270 console support, then the driver automatically converts your console
	at boot time to a 3270 if it is a 3215.

	In brief, these are the steps:
	1. Install the tub3270 patch
	2. (If a module) add a line to /etc/modprobe.conf
	3. (If VM) define devices with DEF GRAF
	4. Reboot
	5. Configure

	To test that everything works, assuming VM and x3270,
	1. Bring up an x3270 window.
	2. Use the DIAL command in that window.
	3. You should immediately see a Linux login screen.

	Here are the installation steps in detail:

	1. The 3270 driver is a part of the official Linux kernel
	source. Build a tree with the kernel source and any necessary
	patches. Then do
	make oldconfig
	(If you wish to disable 3215 console support, edit
	.config; change CONFIG_TN3215's value to "n";
	and rerun "make oldconfig".)
	make image
	make modules
	make modules_install

	2. (Perform this step only if you have configured tub3270 as a
	module.) Add a line to /etc/modprobe.conf to automatically
	load the driver when it's needed. With this line added,
	you will see login prompts appear on your 3270s as soon as
	boot is complete (or with emulated 3270s, as soon as you dial
	into your vm guest using the command "DIAL <vmguestname>").
	Since the line-mode major number is 227, the line to add to
	/etc/modprobe.conf should be:
	alias char-major-227 tub3270

	3. Define graphic devices to your vm guest machine, if you
	haven't already. Define them before you reboot (reipl):
	DEFINE GRAF 620
	DEFINE GRAF 621
	DEFINE GRAF 622
	DEFINE GRAF 623

	4. Reboot. The reboot process scans hardware devices, including
	3270s, and this enables the tub3270 driver once loaded to respond
	correctly to the configuration requests of the next step. If
	you have chosen 3270 console support, your console now behaves
	as a 3270, not a 3215.

	5. Run the 3270 configuration script config3270. It is
	distributed in this same directory, Documentation/s390, as
	config3270.sh. Inspect the output script it produces,
	/tmp/mkdev3270, and then run that script. This will create the
	necessary character special device files and make the necessary
	changes to /etc/inittab. If you have selected DEVFS, the driver
	itself creates the device files, and /tmp/mkdev3270 only changes
	/etc/inittab.

	Then notify /sbin/init that /etc/inittab has changed, by issuing
	the telinit command with the q operand:
	cd Documentation/s390
	sh config3270.sh
	sh /tmp/mkdev3270
	telinit q

	This should be sufficient for your first time. If your 3270
	configuration has changed and you're reusing config3270, you
	should follow these steps:
	Change 3270 configuration
	Reboot
	Run config3270 and /tmp/mkdev3270
	Reboot

	Here are the testing steps in detail:

	1. Bring up an x3270 window, or use an actual hardware 3278 or
	3279, or use the 3270 emulator of your choice. You would be
	running the emulator on your PC or workstation. You would use
	the command, for example,
	x3270 vm-esa-domain-name &
	if you wanted a 3278 Model 4 with 43 rows of 80 columns, the
	default model number. The driver does not take advantage of
	extended attributes.

	The screen you should now see contains a VM logo with input
	lines near the bottom. Use TAB to move to the bottom line,
	probably labeled "COMMAND ===>".

	2. Use the DIAL command instead of the LOGIN command to connect
	to one of the virtual 3270s you defined with the DEF GRAF
	commands:
	dial my-vm-guest-name

	3. You should immediately see a login prompt from your
	Linux-390 operating system. If that does not happen, you would
	see instead the line "DIALED TO my-vm-guest-name 0620".

	To troubleshoot: do these things.

	A. Is the driver loaded? Use the lsmod command (no operands)
	to find out. Probably it isn't. Try loading it manually, with
	the command "insmod tub3270". Does that command give error
	messages? Ha! There's your problem.

	B. Is the /etc/inittab file modified as in installation step 3
	above? Use the grep command to find out; for instance, issue
	"grep 3270 /etc/inittab". Nothing found? There's your
	problem!

	C. Are the device special files created, as in installation
	step 2 above? Use the ls -l command to find out; for instance,
	issue "ls -l /dev/3270/tty620". The output should start with the
	letter "c" meaning character device and should contain "227, 1"
	just to the left of the device name. No such file? no "c"?
	Wrong major number? Wrong minor number? There's your
	problem!

	D. Do you get the message
	"HCPDIA047E my-vm-guest-name 0620 does not exist"?
	If so, you must issue the command "DEF GRAF 620" from your VM
	3215 console and then reboot the system.



	OPERATION.

	The driver defines three areas on the 3270 screen: the log area, the
	input area, and the status area.

	The log area takes up all but the bottom two lines of the screen. The
	driver writes terminal output to it, starting at the top line and going
	down. When it fills, the status area changes from "Linux Running" to
	"Linux More...". After a scrolling timeout of (default) 5 sec, the
	screen clears and more output is written, from the top down.

	The input area extends from the beginning of the second-to-last screen
	line to the start of the status area. You type commands in this area
	and hit ENTER to execute them.

	The status area initializes to "Linux Running" to give you a warm
	fuzzy feeling. When the log area fills up and output awaits, it
	changes to "Linux More...". At this time you can do several things or
	nothing. If you do nothing, the screen will clear in (default) 5 sec
	and more output will appear. You may hit ENTER with nothing typed in
	the input area to toggle between "Linux More..." and "Linux Holding",
	which indicates no scrolling will occur. (If you hit ENTER with "Linux
	Running" and nothing typed, the application receives a newline.)

	You may change the scrolling timeout value. For example, the following
	command line:
	echo scrolltime=60 > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
	changes the scrolling timeout value to 60 sec. Set scrolltime to 0 if
	you wish to prevent scrolling entirely.

	Other things you may do when the log area fills up are: hit PA2 to
	clear the log area and write more output to it, or hit CLEAR to clear
	the log area and the input area and write more output to the log area.

	Some of the Program Function (PF) and Program Attention (PA) keys are
	preassigned special functions. The ones that are not yield an alarm
	when pressed.

	PA1 causes a SIGINT to the currently running application. You may do
	the same thing from the input area, by typing "^C" and hitting ENTER.

	PA2 causes the log area to be cleared. If output awaits, it is then
	written to the log area.

	PF3 causes an EOF to be received as input by the application. You may
	cause an EOF also by typing "^D" and hitting ENTER.

	No PF key is preassigned to cause a job suspension, but you may cause a
	job suspension by typing "^Z" and hitting ENTER. You may wish to
	assign this function to a PF key. To make PF7 cause job suspension,
	execute the command:
	echo pf7=^z > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270

	If the input you type does not end with the two characters "^n", the
	driver appends a newline character and sends it to the tty driver;
	otherwise the driver strips the "^n" and does not append a newline.
	The IBM 3215 driver behaves similarly.

	Pf10 causes the most recent command to be retrieved from the tube's
	command stack (default depth 20) and displayed in the input area. You
	may hit PF10 again for the next-most-recent command, and so on. A
	command is entered into the stack only when the input area is not made
	invisible (such as for password entry) and it is not identical to the
	current top entry. PF10 rotates backward through the command stack;
	PF11 rotates forward. You may assign the backward function to any PF
	key (or PA key, for that matter), say, PA3, with the command:
	echo -e pa3=\\033k > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
	This assigns the string ESC-k to PA3. Similarly, the string ESC-j
	performs the forward function. (Rationale: In bash with vi-mode line
	editing, ESC-k and ESC-j retrieve backward and forward history.
	Suggestions welcome.)

	Is a stack size of twenty commands not to your liking? Change it on
	the fly. To change to saving the last 100 commands, execute the
	command:
	echo recallsize=100 > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270

	Have a command you issue frequently? Assign it to a PF or PA key! Use
	the command
	echo pf24="mkdir foobar; cd foobar" > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
	to execute the commands mkdir foobar and cd foobar immediately when you
	hit PF24. Want to see the command line first, before you execute it?
	Use the -n option of the echo command:
	echo -n pf24="mkdir foo; cd foo" > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270



	Happy testing! I welcome any and all comments about this document, the
	driver, etc etc.

	Dick Hitt <rbh00@utsglobal.com>