]> nv-tegra.nvidia Code Review - linux-2.6.git/blobdiff - kernel/cgroup.c
Merge branch 'for-next' into for-linus
[linux-2.6.git] / kernel / cgroup.c
index a7267bfd3765b930f5b544bbcaf8df23fab3cd06..4fd90e12977236f54a4dd29168bc2db04bb1cdbc 100644 (file)
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
  */
 
 #include <linux/cgroup.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/ctype.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/cgroupstats.h>
 #include <linux/hash.h>
 #include <linux/namei.h>
+#include <linux/smp_lock.h>
+#include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
+#include <linux/idr.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h> /* TODO: replace with more sophisticated array */
 
 #include <asm/atomic.h>
 
@@ -58,6 +64,8 @@ static struct cgroup_subsys *subsys[] = {
 #include <linux/cgroup_subsys.h>
 };
 
+#define MAX_CGROUP_ROOT_NAMELEN 64
+
 /*
  * A cgroupfs_root represents the root of a cgroup hierarchy,
  * and may be associated with a superblock to form an active
@@ -72,6 +80,9 @@ struct cgroupfs_root {
         */
        unsigned long subsys_bits;
 
+       /* Unique id for this hierarchy. */
+       int hierarchy_id;
+
        /* The bitmask of subsystems currently attached to this hierarchy */
        unsigned long actual_subsys_bits;
 
@@ -92,6 +103,9 @@ struct cgroupfs_root {
 
        /* The path to use for release notifications. */
        char release_agent_path[PATH_MAX];
+
+       /* The name for this hierarchy - may be empty */
+       char name[MAX_CGROUP_ROOT_NAMELEN];
 };
 
 /*
@@ -139,6 +153,10 @@ struct css_id {
 static LIST_HEAD(roots);
 static int root_count;
 
+static DEFINE_IDA(hierarchy_ida);
+static int next_hierarchy_id;
+static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(hierarchy_id_lock);
+
 /* dummytop is a shorthand for the dummy hierarchy's top cgroup */
 #define dummytop (&rootnode.top_cgroup)
 
@@ -149,6 +167,20 @@ static int root_count;
  */
 static int need_forkexit_callback __read_mostly;
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
+int cgroup_lock_is_held(void)
+{
+       return lockdep_is_held(&cgroup_mutex);
+}
+#else /* #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING */
+int cgroup_lock_is_held(void)
+{
+       return mutex_is_locked(&cgroup_mutex);
+}
+#endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING */
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cgroup_lock_is_held);
+
 /* convenient tests for these bits */
 inline int cgroup_is_removed(const struct cgroup *cgrp)
 {
@@ -199,6 +231,7 @@ struct cg_cgroup_link {
         * cgroup, anchored on cgroup->css_sets
         */
        struct list_head cgrp_link_list;
+       struct cgroup *cgrp;
        /*
         * List running through cg_cgroup_links pointing at a
         * single css_set object, anchored on css_set->cg_links
@@ -225,8 +258,11 @@ static int cgroup_subsys_init_idr(struct cgroup_subsys *ss);
 static DEFINE_RWLOCK(css_set_lock);
 static int css_set_count;
 
-/* hash table for cgroup groups. This improves the performance to
- * find an existing css_set */
+/*
+ * hash table for cgroup groups. This improves the performance to find
+ * an existing css_set. This hash doesn't (currently) take into
+ * account cgroups in empty hierarchies.
+ */
 #define CSS_SET_HASH_BITS      7
 #define CSS_SET_TABLE_SIZE     (1 << CSS_SET_HASH_BITS)
 static struct hlist_head css_set_table[CSS_SET_TABLE_SIZE];
@@ -246,48 +282,22 @@ static struct hlist_head *css_set_hash(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css[])
        return &css_set_table[index];
 }
 
+static void free_css_set_rcu(struct rcu_head *obj)
+{
+       struct css_set *cg = container_of(obj, struct css_set, rcu_head);
+       kfree(cg);
+}
+
 /* We don't maintain the lists running through each css_set to its
  * task until after the first call to cgroup_iter_start(). This
  * reduces the fork()/exit() overhead for people who have cgroups
  * compiled into their kernel but not actually in use */
 static int use_task_css_set_links __read_mostly;
 
-/* When we create or destroy a css_set, the operation simply
- * takes/releases a reference count on all the cgroups referenced
- * by subsystems in this css_set. This can end up multiple-counting
- * some cgroups, but that's OK - the ref-count is just a
- * busy/not-busy indicator; ensuring that we only count each cgroup
- * once would require taking a global lock to ensure that no
- * subsystems moved between hierarchies while we were doing so.
- *
- * Possible TODO: decide at boot time based on the number of
- * registered subsystems and the number of CPUs or NUMA nodes whether
- * it's better for performance to ref-count every subsystem, or to
- * take a global lock and only add one ref count to each hierarchy.
- */
-
-/*
- * unlink a css_set from the list and free it
- */
-static void unlink_css_set(struct css_set *cg)
+static void __put_css_set(struct css_set *cg, int taskexit)
 {
        struct cg_cgroup_link *link;
        struct cg_cgroup_link *saved_link;
-
-       hlist_del(&cg->hlist);
-       css_set_count--;
-
-       list_for_each_entry_safe(link, saved_link, &cg->cg_links,
-                                cg_link_list) {
-               list_del(&link->cg_link_list);
-               list_del(&link->cgrp_link_list);
-               kfree(link);
-       }
-}
-
-static void __put_css_set(struct css_set *cg, int taskexit)
-{
-       int i;
        /*
         * Ensure that the refcount doesn't hit zero while any readers
         * can see it. Similar to atomic_dec_and_lock(), but for an
@@ -300,21 +310,28 @@ static void __put_css_set(struct css_set *cg, int taskexit)
                write_unlock(&css_set_lock);
                return;
        }
-       unlink_css_set(cg);
-       write_unlock(&css_set_lock);
 
-       rcu_read_lock();
-       for (i = 0; i < CGROUP_SUBSYS_COUNT; i++) {
-               struct cgroup *cgrp = rcu_dereference(cg->subsys[i]->cgroup);
+       /* This css_set is dead. unlink it and release cgroup refcounts */
+       hlist_del(&cg->hlist);
+       css_set_count--;
+
+       list_for_each_entry_safe(link, saved_link, &cg->cg_links,
+                                cg_link_list) {
+               struct cgroup *cgrp = link->cgrp;
+               list_del(&link->cg_link_list);
+               list_del(&link->cgrp_link_list);
                if (atomic_dec_and_test(&cgrp->count) &&
                    notify_on_release(cgrp)) {
                        if (taskexit)
                                set_bit(CGRP_RELEASABLE, &cgrp->flags);
                        check_for_release(cgrp);
                }
+
+               kfree(link);
        }
-       rcu_read_unlock();
-       kfree(cg);
+
+       write_unlock(&css_set_lock);
+       call_rcu(&cg->rcu_head, free_css_set_rcu);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -335,6 +352,78 @@ static inline void put_css_set_taskexit(struct css_set *cg)
        __put_css_set(cg, 1);
 }
 
+/*
+ * compare_css_sets - helper function for find_existing_css_set().
+ * @cg: candidate css_set being tested
+ * @old_cg: existing css_set for a task
+ * @new_cgrp: cgroup that's being entered by the task
+ * @template: desired set of css pointers in css_set (pre-calculated)
+ *
+ * Returns true if "cg" matches "old_cg" except for the hierarchy
+ * which "new_cgrp" belongs to, for which it should match "new_cgrp".
+ */
+static bool compare_css_sets(struct css_set *cg,
+                            struct css_set *old_cg,
+                            struct cgroup *new_cgrp,
+                            struct cgroup_subsys_state *template[])
+{
+       struct list_head *l1, *l2;
+
+       if (memcmp(template, cg->subsys, sizeof(cg->subsys))) {
+               /* Not all subsystems matched */
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Compare cgroup pointers in order to distinguish between
+        * different cgroups in heirarchies with no subsystems. We
+        * could get by with just this check alone (and skip the
+        * memcmp above) but on most setups the memcmp check will
+        * avoid the need for this more expensive check on almost all
+        * candidates.
+        */
+
+       l1 = &cg->cg_links;
+       l2 = &old_cg->cg_links;
+       while (1) {
+               struct cg_cgroup_link *cgl1, *cgl2;
+               struct cgroup *cg1, *cg2;
+
+               l1 = l1->next;
+               l2 = l2->next;
+               /* See if we reached the end - both lists are equal length. */
+               if (l1 == &cg->cg_links) {
+                       BUG_ON(l2 != &old_cg->cg_links);
+                       break;
+               } else {
+                       BUG_ON(l2 == &old_cg->cg_links);
+               }
+               /* Locate the cgroups associated with these links. */
+               cgl1 = list_entry(l1, struct cg_cgroup_link, cg_link_list);
+               cgl2 = list_entry(l2, struct cg_cgroup_link, cg_link_list);
+               cg1 = cgl1->cgrp;
+               cg2 = cgl2->cgrp;
+               /* Hierarchies should be linked in the same order. */
+               BUG_ON(cg1->root != cg2->root);
+
+               /*
+                * If this hierarchy is the hierarchy of the cgroup
+                * that's changing, then we need to check that this
+                * css_set points to the new cgroup; if it's any other
+                * hierarchy, then this css_set should point to the
+                * same cgroup as the old css_set.
+                */
+               if (cg1->root == new_cgrp->root) {
+                       if (cg1 != new_cgrp)
+                               return false;
+               } else {
+                       if (cg1 != cg2)
+                               return false;
+               }
+       }
+       return true;
+}
+
 /*
  * find_existing_css_set() is a helper for
  * find_css_set(), and checks to see whether an existing
@@ -376,10 +465,11 @@ static struct css_set *find_existing_css_set(
 
        hhead = css_set_hash(template);
        hlist_for_each_entry(cg, node, hhead, hlist) {
-               if (!memcmp(template, cg->subsys, sizeof(cg->subsys))) {
-                       /* All subsystems matched */
-                       return cg;
-               }
+               if (!compare_css_sets(cg, oldcg, cgrp, template))
+                       continue;
+
+               /* This css_set matches what we need */
+               return cg;
        }
 
        /* No existing cgroup group matched */
@@ -433,8 +523,14 @@ static void link_css_set(struct list_head *tmp_cg_links,
        link = list_first_entry(tmp_cg_links, struct cg_cgroup_link,
                                cgrp_link_list);
        link->cg = cg;
+       link->cgrp = cgrp;
+       atomic_inc(&cgrp->count);
        list_move(&link->cgrp_link_list, &cgrp->css_sets);
-       list_add(&link->cg_link_list, &cg->cg_links);
+       /*
+        * Always add links to the tail of the list so that the list
+        * is sorted by order of hierarchy creation
+        */
+       list_add_tail(&link->cg_link_list, &cg->cg_links);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -449,11 +545,11 @@ static struct css_set *find_css_set(
 {
        struct css_set *res;
        struct cgroup_subsys_state *template[CGROUP_SUBSYS_COUNT];
-       int i;
 
        struct list_head tmp_cg_links;
 
        struct hlist_head *hhead;
+       struct cg_cgroup_link *link;
 
        /* First see if we already have a cgroup group that matches
         * the desired set */
@@ -487,20 +583,12 @@ static struct css_set *find_css_set(
 
        write_lock(&css_set_lock);
        /* Add reference counts and links from the new css_set. */
-       for (i = 0; i < CGROUP_SUBSYS_COUNT; i++) {
-               struct cgroup *cgrp = res->subsys[i]->cgroup;
-               struct cgroup_subsys *ss = subsys[i];
-               atomic_inc(&cgrp->count);
-               /*
-                * We want to add a link once per cgroup, so we
-                * only do it for the first subsystem in each
-                * hierarchy
-                */
-               if (ss->root->subsys_list.next == &ss->sibling)
-                       link_css_set(&tmp_cg_links, res, cgrp);
+       list_for_each_entry(link, &oldcg->cg_links, cg_link_list) {
+               struct cgroup *c = link->cgrp;
+               if (c->root == cgrp->root)
+                       c = cgrp;
+               link_css_set(&tmp_cg_links, res, c);
        }
-       if (list_empty(&rootnode.subsys_list))
-               link_css_set(&tmp_cg_links, res, dummytop);
 
        BUG_ON(!list_empty(&tmp_cg_links));
 
@@ -515,6 +603,41 @@ static struct css_set *find_css_set(
        return res;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Return the cgroup for "task" from the given hierarchy. Must be
+ * called with cgroup_mutex held.
+ */
+static struct cgroup *task_cgroup_from_root(struct task_struct *task,
+                                           struct cgroupfs_root *root)
+{
+       struct css_set *css;
+       struct cgroup *res = NULL;
+
+       BUG_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&cgroup_mutex));
+       read_lock(&css_set_lock);
+       /*
+        * No need to lock the task - since we hold cgroup_mutex the
+        * task can't change groups, so the only thing that can happen
+        * is that it exits and its css is set back to init_css_set.
+        */
+       css = task->cgroups;
+       if (css == &init_css_set) {
+               res = &root->top_cgroup;
+       } else {
+               struct cg_cgroup_link *link;
+               list_for_each_entry(link, &css->cg_links, cg_link_list) {
+                       struct cgroup *c = link->cgrp;
+                       if (c->root == root) {
+                               res = c;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       read_unlock(&css_set_lock);
+       BUG_ON(!res);
+       return res;
+}
+
 /*
  * There is one global cgroup mutex. We also require taking
  * task_lock() when dereferencing a task's cgroup subsys pointers.
@@ -594,10 +717,11 @@ void cgroup_unlock(void)
 static int cgroup_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode);
 static int cgroup_rmdir(struct inode *unused_dir, struct dentry *dentry);
 static int cgroup_populate_dir(struct cgroup *cgrp);
-static struct inode_operations cgroup_dir_inode_operations;
-static struct file_operations proc_cgroupstats_operations;
+static const struct inode_operations cgroup_dir_inode_operations;
+static const struct file_operations proc_cgroupstats_operations;
 
 static struct backing_dev_info cgroup_backing_dev_info = {
+       .name           = "cgroup",
        .capabilities   = BDI_CAP_NO_ACCT_AND_WRITEBACK,
 };
 
@@ -674,6 +798,12 @@ static void cgroup_diput(struct dentry *dentry, struct inode *inode)
                 */
                deactivate_super(cgrp->root->sb);
 
+               /*
+                * if we're getting rid of the cgroup, refcount should ensure
+                * that there are no pidlists left.
+                */
+               BUG_ON(!list_empty(&cgrp->pidlists));
+
                call_rcu(&cgrp->rcu_head, free_cgroup_rcu);
        }
        iput(inode);
@@ -733,16 +863,28 @@ static void cgroup_d_remove_dir(struct dentry *dentry)
  * reference to css->refcnt. In general, this refcnt is expected to goes down
  * to zero, soon.
  *
- * CGRP_WAIT_ON_RMDIR flag is modified under cgroup's inode->i_mutex;
+ * CGRP_WAIT_ON_RMDIR flag is set under cgroup's inode->i_mutex;
  */
 DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(cgroup_rmdir_waitq);
 
-static void cgroup_wakeup_rmdir_waiters(const struct cgroup *cgrp)
+static void cgroup_wakeup_rmdir_waiter(struct cgroup *cgrp)
 {
-       if (unlikely(test_bit(CGRP_WAIT_ON_RMDIR, &cgrp->flags)))
+       if (unlikely(test_and_clear_bit(CGRP_WAIT_ON_RMDIR, &cgrp->flags)))
                wake_up_all(&cgroup_rmdir_waitq);
 }
 
+void cgroup_exclude_rmdir(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
+{
+       css_get(css);
+}
+
+void cgroup_release_and_wakeup_rmdir(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
+{
+       cgroup_wakeup_rmdir_waiter(css->cgroup);
+       css_put(css);
+}
+
+
 static int rebind_subsystems(struct cgroupfs_root *root,
                              unsigned long final_bits)
 {
@@ -826,6 +968,8 @@ static int cgroup_show_options(struct seq_file *seq, struct vfsmount *vfs)
                seq_puts(seq, ",noprefix");
        if (strlen(root->release_agent_path))
                seq_printf(seq, ",release_agent=%s", root->release_agent_path);
+       if (strlen(root->name))
+               seq_printf(seq, ",name=%s", root->name);
        mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
        return 0;
 }
@@ -834,6 +978,12 @@ struct cgroup_sb_opts {
        unsigned long subsys_bits;
        unsigned long flags;
        char *release_agent;
+       char *name;
+       /* User explicitly requested empty subsystem */
+       bool none;
+
+       struct cgroupfs_root *new_root;
+
 };
 
 /* Convert a hierarchy specifier into a bitmask of subsystems and
@@ -842,10 +992,13 @@ static int parse_cgroupfs_options(char *data,
                                     struct cgroup_sb_opts *opts)
 {
        char *token, *o = data ?: "all";
+       unsigned long mask = (unsigned long)-1;
 
-       opts->subsys_bits = 0;
-       opts->flags = 0;
-       opts->release_agent = NULL;
+#ifdef CONFIG_CPUSETS
+       mask = ~(1UL << cpuset_subsys_id);
+#endif
+
+       memset(opts, 0, sizeof(*opts));
 
        while ((token = strsep(&o, ",")) != NULL) {
                if (!*token)
@@ -859,17 +1012,42 @@ static int parse_cgroupfs_options(char *data,
                                if (!ss->disabled)
                                        opts->subsys_bits |= 1ul << i;
                        }
+               } else if (!strcmp(token, "none")) {
+                       /* Explicitly have no subsystems */
+                       opts->none = true;
                } else if (!strcmp(token, "noprefix")) {
                        set_bit(ROOT_NOPREFIX, &opts->flags);
                } else if (!strncmp(token, "release_agent=", 14)) {
                        /* Specifying two release agents is forbidden */
                        if (opts->release_agent)
                                return -EINVAL;
-                       opts->release_agent = kzalloc(PATH_MAX, GFP_KERNEL);
+                       opts->release_agent =
+                               kstrndup(token + 14, PATH_MAX, GFP_KERNEL);
                        if (!opts->release_agent)
                                return -ENOMEM;
-                       strncpy(opts->release_agent, token + 14, PATH_MAX - 1);
-                       opts->release_agent[PATH_MAX - 1] = 0;
+               } else if (!strncmp(token, "name=", 5)) {
+                       int i;
+                       const char *name = token + 5;
+                       /* Can't specify an empty name */
+                       if (!strlen(name))
+                               return -EINVAL;
+                       /* Must match [\w.-]+ */
+                       for (i = 0; i < strlen(name); i++) {
+                               char c = name[i];
+                               if (isalnum(c))
+                                       continue;
+                               if ((c == '.') || (c == '-') || (c == '_'))
+                                       continue;
+                               return -EINVAL;
+                       }
+                       /* Specifying two names is forbidden */
+                       if (opts->name)
+                               return -EINVAL;
+                       opts->name = kstrndup(name,
+                                             MAX_CGROUP_ROOT_NAMELEN,
+                                             GFP_KERNEL);
+                       if (!opts->name)
+                               return -ENOMEM;
                } else {
                        struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
                        int i;
@@ -886,8 +1064,27 @@ static int parse_cgroupfs_options(char *data,
                }
        }
 
-       /* We can't have an empty hierarchy */
-       if (!opts->subsys_bits)
+       /* Consistency checks */
+
+       /*
+        * Option noprefix was introduced just for backward compatibility
+        * with the old cpuset, so we allow noprefix only if mounting just
+        * the cpuset subsystem.
+        */
+       if (test_bit(ROOT_NOPREFIX, &opts->flags) &&
+           (opts->subsys_bits & mask))
+               return -EINVAL;
+
+
+       /* Can't specify "none" and some subsystems */
+       if (opts->subsys_bits && opts->none)
+               return -EINVAL;
+
+       /*
+        * We either have to specify by name or by subsystems. (So all
+        * empty hierarchies must have a name).
+        */
+       if (!opts->subsys_bits && !opts->name)
                return -EINVAL;
 
        return 0;
@@ -900,6 +1097,7 @@ static int cgroup_remount(struct super_block *sb, int *flags, char *data)
        struct cgroup *cgrp = &root->top_cgroup;
        struct cgroup_sb_opts opts;
 
+       lock_kernel();
        mutex_lock(&cgrp->dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
        mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
 
@@ -914,6 +1112,12 @@ static int cgroup_remount(struct super_block *sb, int *flags, char *data)
                goto out_unlock;
        }
 
+       /* Don't allow name to change at remount */
+       if (opts.name && strcmp(opts.name, root->name)) {
+               ret = -EINVAL;
+               goto out_unlock;
+       }
+
        ret = rebind_subsystems(root, opts.subsys_bits);
        if (ret)
                goto out_unlock;
@@ -925,12 +1129,14 @@ static int cgroup_remount(struct super_block *sb, int *flags, char *data)
                strcpy(root->release_agent_path, opts.release_agent);
  out_unlock:
        kfree(opts.release_agent);
+       kfree(opts.name);
        mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
        mutex_unlock(&cgrp->dentry->d_inode->i_mutex);
+       unlock_kernel();
        return ret;
 }
 
-static struct super_operations cgroup_ops = {
+static const struct super_operations cgroup_ops = {
        .statfs = simple_statfs,
        .drop_inode = generic_delete_inode,
        .show_options = cgroup_show_options,
@@ -943,8 +1149,10 @@ static void init_cgroup_housekeeping(struct cgroup *cgrp)
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cgrp->children);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cgrp->css_sets);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cgrp->release_list);
-       init_rwsem(&cgrp->pids_mutex);
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cgrp->pidlists);
+       mutex_init(&cgrp->pidlist_mutex);
 }
+
 static void init_cgroup_root(struct cgroupfs_root *root)
 {
        struct cgroup *cgrp = &root->top_cgroup;
@@ -956,33 +1164,106 @@ static void init_cgroup_root(struct cgroupfs_root *root)
        init_cgroup_housekeeping(cgrp);
 }
 
+static bool init_root_id(struct cgroupfs_root *root)
+{
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       do {
+               if (!ida_pre_get(&hierarchy_ida, GFP_KERNEL))
+                       return false;
+               spin_lock(&hierarchy_id_lock);
+               /* Try to allocate the next unused ID */
+               ret = ida_get_new_above(&hierarchy_ida, next_hierarchy_id,
+                                       &root->hierarchy_id);
+               if (ret == -ENOSPC)
+                       /* Try again starting from 0 */
+                       ret = ida_get_new(&hierarchy_ida, &root->hierarchy_id);
+               if (!ret) {
+                       next_hierarchy_id = root->hierarchy_id + 1;
+               } else if (ret != -EAGAIN) {
+                       /* Can only get here if the 31-bit IDR is full ... */
+                       BUG_ON(ret);
+               }
+               spin_unlock(&hierarchy_id_lock);
+       } while (ret);
+       return true;
+}
+
 static int cgroup_test_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data)
 {
-       struct cgroupfs_root *new = data;
+       struct cgroup_sb_opts *opts = data;
        struct cgroupfs_root *root = sb->s_fs_info;
 
-       /* First check subsystems */
-       if (new->subsys_bits != root->subsys_bits)
-           return 0;
+       /* If we asked for a name then it must match */
+       if (opts->name && strcmp(opts->name, root->name))
+               return 0;
 
-       /* Next check flags */
-       if (new->flags != root->flags)
+       /*
+        * If we asked for subsystems (or explicitly for no
+        * subsystems) then they must match
+        */
+       if ((opts->subsys_bits || opts->none)
+           && (opts->subsys_bits != root->subsys_bits))
                return 0;
 
        return 1;
 }
 
+static struct cgroupfs_root *cgroup_root_from_opts(struct cgroup_sb_opts *opts)
+{
+       struct cgroupfs_root *root;
+
+       if (!opts->subsys_bits && !opts->none)
+               return NULL;
+
+       root = kzalloc(sizeof(*root), GFP_KERNEL);
+       if (!root)
+               return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+       if (!init_root_id(root)) {
+               kfree(root);
+               return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+       }
+       init_cgroup_root(root);
+
+       root->subsys_bits = opts->subsys_bits;
+       root->flags = opts->flags;
+       if (opts->release_agent)
+               strcpy(root->release_agent_path, opts->release_agent);
+       if (opts->name)
+               strcpy(root->name, opts->name);
+       return root;
+}
+
+static void cgroup_drop_root(struct cgroupfs_root *root)
+{
+       if (!root)
+               return;
+
+       BUG_ON(!root->hierarchy_id);
+       spin_lock(&hierarchy_id_lock);
+       ida_remove(&hierarchy_ida, root->hierarchy_id);
+       spin_unlock(&hierarchy_id_lock);
+       kfree(root);
+}
+
 static int cgroup_set_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data)
 {
        int ret;
-       struct cgroupfs_root *root = data;
+       struct cgroup_sb_opts *opts = data;
+
+       /* If we don't have a new root, we can't set up a new sb */
+       if (!opts->new_root)
+               return -EINVAL;
+
+       BUG_ON(!opts->subsys_bits && !opts->none);
 
        ret = set_anon_super(sb, NULL);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       sb->s_fs_info = root;
-       root->sb = sb;
+       sb->s_fs_info = opts->new_root;
+       opts->new_root->sb = sb;
 
        sb->s_blocksize = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;
        sb->s_blocksize_bits = PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
@@ -1019,48 +1300,43 @@ static int cgroup_get_sb(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
                         void *data, struct vfsmount *mnt)
 {
        struct cgroup_sb_opts opts;
+       struct cgroupfs_root *root;
        int ret = 0;
        struct super_block *sb;
-       struct cgroupfs_root *root;
-       struct list_head tmp_cg_links;
+       struct cgroupfs_root *new_root;
 
        /* First find the desired set of subsystems */
        ret = parse_cgroupfs_options(data, &opts);
-       if (ret) {
-               kfree(opts.release_agent);
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       root = kzalloc(sizeof(*root), GFP_KERNEL);
-       if (!root) {
-               kfree(opts.release_agent);
-               return -ENOMEM;
-       }
+       if (ret)
+               goto out_err;
 
-       init_cgroup_root(root);
-       root->subsys_bits = opts.subsys_bits;
-       root->flags = opts.flags;
-       if (opts.release_agent) {
-               strcpy(root->release_agent_path, opts.release_agent);
-               kfree(opts.release_agent);
+       /*
+        * Allocate a new cgroup root. We may not need it if we're
+        * reusing an existing hierarchy.
+        */
+       new_root = cgroup_root_from_opts(&opts);
+       if (IS_ERR(new_root)) {
+               ret = PTR_ERR(new_root);
+               goto out_err;
        }
+       opts.new_root = new_root;
 
-       sb = sget(fs_type, cgroup_test_super, cgroup_set_super, root);
-
+       /* Locate an existing or new sb for this hierarchy */
+       sb = sget(fs_type, cgroup_test_super, cgroup_set_super, &opts);
        if (IS_ERR(sb)) {
-               kfree(root);
-               return PTR_ERR(sb);
+               ret = PTR_ERR(sb);
+               cgroup_drop_root(opts.new_root);
+               goto out_err;
        }
 
-       if (sb->s_fs_info != root) {
-               /* Reusing an existing superblock */
-               BUG_ON(sb->s_root == NULL);
-               kfree(root);
-               root = NULL;
-       } else {
-               /* New superblock */
+       root = sb->s_fs_info;
+       BUG_ON(!root);
+       if (root == opts.new_root) {
+               /* We used the new root structure, so this is a new hierarchy */
+               struct list_head tmp_cg_links;
                struct cgroup *root_cgrp = &root->top_cgroup;
                struct inode *inode;
+               struct cgroupfs_root *existing_root;
                int i;
 
                BUG_ON(sb->s_root != NULL);
@@ -1073,6 +1349,18 @@ static int cgroup_get_sb(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
                mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
                mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
 
+               if (strlen(root->name)) {
+                       /* Check for name clashes with existing mounts */
+                       for_each_active_root(existing_root) {
+                               if (!strcmp(existing_root->name, root->name)) {
+                                       ret = -EBUSY;
+                                       mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
+                                       mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
+                                       goto drop_new_super;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+
                /*
                 * We're accessing css_set_count without locking
                 * css_set_lock here, but that's OK - it can only be
@@ -1091,7 +1379,8 @@ static int cgroup_get_sb(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
                if (ret == -EBUSY) {
                        mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
                        mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
-                       goto free_cg_links;
+                       free_cg_links(&tmp_cg_links);
+                       goto drop_new_super;
                }
 
                /* EBUSY should be the only error here */
@@ -1123,17 +1412,27 @@ static int cgroup_get_sb(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
                BUG_ON(root->number_of_cgroups != 1);
 
                cgroup_populate_dir(root_cgrp);
-               mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
                mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
+               mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
+       } else {
+               /*
+                * We re-used an existing hierarchy - the new root (if
+                * any) is not needed
+                */
+               cgroup_drop_root(opts.new_root);
        }
 
        simple_set_mnt(mnt, sb);
+       kfree(opts.release_agent);
+       kfree(opts.name);
        return 0;
 
- free_cg_links:
-       free_cg_links(&tmp_cg_links);
  drop_new_super:
        deactivate_locked_super(sb);
+ out_err:
+       kfree(opts.release_agent);
+       kfree(opts.name);
+
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1179,7 +1478,7 @@ static void cgroup_kill_sb(struct super_block *sb) {
        mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
 
        kill_litter_super(sb);
-       kfree(root);
+       cgroup_drop_root(root);
 }
 
 static struct file_system_type cgroup_fs_type = {
@@ -1244,27 +1543,6 @@ int cgroup_path(const struct cgroup *cgrp, char *buf, int buflen)
        return 0;
 }
 
-/*
- * Return the first subsystem attached to a cgroup's hierarchy, and
- * its subsystem id.
- */
-
-static void get_first_subsys(const struct cgroup *cgrp,
-                       struct cgroup_subsys_state **css, int *subsys_id)
-{
-       const struct cgroupfs_root *root = cgrp->root;
-       const struct cgroup_subsys *test_ss;
-       BUG_ON(list_empty(&root->subsys_list));
-       test_ss = list_entry(root->subsys_list.next,
-                            struct cgroup_subsys, sibling);
-       if (css) {
-               *css = cgrp->subsys[test_ss->subsys_id];
-               BUG_ON(!*css);
-       }
-       if (subsys_id)
-               *subsys_id = test_ss->subsys_id;
-}
-
 /**
  * cgroup_attach_task - attach task 'tsk' to cgroup 'cgrp'
  * @cgrp: the cgroup the task is attaching to
@@ -1281,18 +1559,15 @@ int cgroup_attach_task(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct task_struct *tsk)
        struct css_set *cg;
        struct css_set *newcg;
        struct cgroupfs_root *root = cgrp->root;
-       int subsys_id;
-
-       get_first_subsys(cgrp, NULL, &subsys_id);
 
        /* Nothing to do if the task is already in that cgroup */
-       oldcgrp = task_cgroup(tsk, subsys_id);
+       oldcgrp = task_cgroup_from_root(tsk, root);
        if (cgrp == oldcgrp)
                return 0;
 
        for_each_subsys(root, ss) {
                if (ss->can_attach) {
-                       retval = ss->can_attach(ss, cgrp, tsk);
+                       retval = ss->can_attach(ss, cgrp, tsk, false);
                        if (retval)
                                return retval;
                }
@@ -1330,7 +1605,7 @@ int cgroup_attach_task(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct task_struct *tsk)
 
        for_each_subsys(root, ss) {
                if (ss->attach)
-                       ss->attach(ss, cgrp, oldcgrp, tsk);
+                       ss->attach(ss, cgrp, oldcgrp, tsk, false);
        }
        set_bit(CGRP_RELEASABLE, &oldcgrp->flags);
        synchronize_rcu();
@@ -1340,7 +1615,7 @@ int cgroup_attach_task(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct task_struct *tsk)
         * wake up rmdir() waiter. the rmdir should fail since the cgroup
         * is no longer empty.
         */
-       cgroup_wakeup_rmdir_waiters(cgrp);
+       cgroup_wakeup_rmdir_waiter(cgrp);
        return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1391,15 +1666,6 @@ static int cgroup_tasks_write(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cft, u64 pid)
        return ret;
 }
 
-/* The various types of files and directories in a cgroup file system */
-enum cgroup_filetype {
-       FILE_ROOT,
-       FILE_DIR,
-       FILE_TASKLIST,
-       FILE_NOTIFY_ON_RELEASE,
-       FILE_RELEASE_AGENT,
-};
-
 /**
  * cgroup_lock_live_group - take cgroup_mutex and check that cgrp is alive.
  * @cgrp: the cgroup to be checked for liveness
@@ -1459,14 +1725,13 @@ static ssize_t cgroup_write_X64(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cft,
                return -EFAULT;
 
        buffer[nbytes] = 0;     /* nul-terminate */
-       strstrip(buffer);
        if (cft->write_u64) {
-               u64 val = simple_strtoull(buffer, &end, 0);
+               u64 val = simple_strtoull(strstrip(buffer), &end, 0);
                if (*end)
                        return -EINVAL;
                retval = cft->write_u64(cgrp, cft, val);
        } else {
-               s64 val = simple_strtoll(buffer, &end, 0);
+               s64 val = simple_strtoll(strstrip(buffer), &end, 0);
                if (*end)
                        return -EINVAL;
                retval = cft->write_s64(cgrp, cft, val);
@@ -1502,8 +1767,7 @@ static ssize_t cgroup_write_string(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cft,
        }
 
        buffer[nbytes] = 0;     /* nul-terminate */
-       strstrip(buffer);
-       retval = cft->write_string(cgrp, cft, buffer);
+       retval = cft->write_string(cgrp, cft, strstrip(buffer));
        if (!retval)
                retval = nbytes;
 out:
@@ -1612,7 +1876,7 @@ static int cgroup_seqfile_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
        return single_release(inode, file);
 }
 
-static struct file_operations cgroup_seqfile_operations = {
+static const struct file_operations cgroup_seqfile_operations = {
        .read = seq_read,
        .write = cgroup_file_write,
        .llseek = seq_lseek,
@@ -1671,7 +1935,7 @@ static int cgroup_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
        return simple_rename(old_dir, old_dentry, new_dir, new_dentry);
 }
 
-static struct file_operations cgroup_file_operations = {
+static const struct file_operations cgroup_file_operations = {
        .read = cgroup_file_read,
        .write = cgroup_file_write,
        .llseek = generic_file_llseek,
@@ -1679,7 +1943,7 @@ static struct file_operations cgroup_file_operations = {
        .release = cgroup_file_release,
 };
 
-static struct inode_operations cgroup_dir_inode_operations = {
+static const struct inode_operations cgroup_dir_inode_operations = {
        .lookup = simple_lookup,
        .mkdir = cgroup_mkdir,
        .rmdir = cgroup_rmdir,
@@ -1844,7 +2108,7 @@ int cgroup_task_count(const struct cgroup *cgrp)
  * the start of a css_set
  */
 static void cgroup_advance_iter(struct cgroup *cgrp,
-                                         struct cgroup_iter *it)
+                               struct cgroup_iter *it)
 {
        struct list_head *l = it->cg_link;
        struct cg_cgroup_link *link;
@@ -2097,7 +2361,7 @@ int cgroup_scan_tasks(struct cgroup_scanner *scan)
 }
 
 /*
- * Stuff for reading the 'tasks' file.
+ * Stuff for reading the 'tasks'/'procs' files.
  *
  * Reading this file can return large amounts of data if a cgroup has
  * *lots* of attached tasks. So it may need several calls to read(),
@@ -2107,27 +2371,195 @@ int cgroup_scan_tasks(struct cgroup_scanner *scan)
  */
 
 /*
- * Load into 'pidarray' up to 'npids' of the tasks using cgroup
- * 'cgrp'.  Return actual number of pids loaded.  No need to
- * task_lock(p) when reading out p->cgroup, since we're in an RCU
- * read section, so the css_set can't go away, and is
- * immutable after creation.
+ * The following two functions "fix" the issue where there are more pids
+ * than kmalloc will give memory for; in such cases, we use vmalloc/vfree.
+ * TODO: replace with a kernel-wide solution to this problem
  */
-static int pid_array_load(pid_t *pidarray, int npids, struct cgroup *cgrp)
+#define PIDLIST_TOO_LARGE(c) ((c) * sizeof(pid_t) > (PAGE_SIZE * 2))
+static void *pidlist_allocate(int count)
 {
-       int n = 0, pid;
+       if (PIDLIST_TOO_LARGE(count))
+               return vmalloc(count * sizeof(pid_t));
+       else
+               return kmalloc(count * sizeof(pid_t), GFP_KERNEL);
+}
+static void pidlist_free(void *p)
+{
+       if (is_vmalloc_addr(p))
+               vfree(p);
+       else
+               kfree(p);
+}
+static void *pidlist_resize(void *p, int newcount)
+{
+       void *newlist;
+       /* note: if new alloc fails, old p will still be valid either way */
+       if (is_vmalloc_addr(p)) {
+               newlist = vmalloc(newcount * sizeof(pid_t));
+               if (!newlist)
+                       return NULL;
+               memcpy(newlist, p, newcount * sizeof(pid_t));
+               vfree(p);
+       } else {
+               newlist = krealloc(p, newcount * sizeof(pid_t), GFP_KERNEL);
+       }
+       return newlist;
+}
+
+/*
+ * pidlist_uniq - given a kmalloc()ed list, strip out all duplicate entries
+ * If the new stripped list is sufficiently smaller and there's enough memory
+ * to allocate a new buffer, will let go of the unneeded memory. Returns the
+ * number of unique elements.
+ */
+/* is the size difference enough that we should re-allocate the array? */
+#define PIDLIST_REALLOC_DIFFERENCE(old, new) ((old) - PAGE_SIZE >= (new))
+static int pidlist_uniq(pid_t **p, int length)
+{
+       int src, dest = 1;
+       pid_t *list = *p;
+       pid_t *newlist;
+
+       /*
+        * we presume the 0th element is unique, so i starts at 1. trivial
+        * edge cases first; no work needs to be done for either
+        */
+       if (length == 0 || length == 1)
+               return length;
+       /* src and dest walk down the list; dest counts unique elements */
+       for (src = 1; src < length; src++) {
+               /* find next unique element */
+               while (list[src] == list[src-1]) {
+                       src++;
+                       if (src == length)
+                               goto after;
+               }
+               /* dest always points to where the next unique element goes */
+               list[dest] = list[src];
+               dest++;
+       }
+after:
+       /*
+        * if the length difference is large enough, we want to allocate a
+        * smaller buffer to save memory. if this fails due to out of memory,
+        * we'll just stay with what we've got.
+        */
+       if (PIDLIST_REALLOC_DIFFERENCE(length, dest)) {
+               newlist = pidlist_resize(list, dest);
+               if (newlist)
+                       *p = newlist;
+       }
+       return dest;
+}
+
+static int cmppid(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+       return *(pid_t *)a - *(pid_t *)b;
+}
+
+/*
+ * find the appropriate pidlist for our purpose (given procs vs tasks)
+ * returns with the lock on that pidlist already held, and takes care
+ * of the use count, or returns NULL with no locks held if we're out of
+ * memory.
+ */
+static struct cgroup_pidlist *cgroup_pidlist_find(struct cgroup *cgrp,
+                                                 enum cgroup_filetype type)
+{
+       struct cgroup_pidlist *l;
+       /* don't need task_nsproxy() if we're looking at ourself */
+       struct pid_namespace *ns = get_pid_ns(current->nsproxy->pid_ns);
+       /*
+        * We can't drop the pidlist_mutex before taking the l->mutex in case
+        * the last ref-holder is trying to remove l from the list at the same
+        * time. Holding the pidlist_mutex precludes somebody taking whichever
+        * list we find out from under us - compare release_pid_array().
+        */
+       mutex_lock(&cgrp->pidlist_mutex);
+       list_for_each_entry(l, &cgrp->pidlists, links) {
+               if (l->key.type == type && l->key.ns == ns) {
+                       /* found a matching list - drop the extra refcount */
+                       put_pid_ns(ns);
+                       /* make sure l doesn't vanish out from under us */
+                       down_write(&l->mutex);
+                       mutex_unlock(&cgrp->pidlist_mutex);
+                       return l;
+               }
+       }
+       /* entry not found; create a new one */
+       l = kmalloc(sizeof(struct cgroup_pidlist), GFP_KERNEL);
+       if (!l) {
+               mutex_unlock(&cgrp->pidlist_mutex);
+               put_pid_ns(ns);
+               return l;
+       }
+       init_rwsem(&l->mutex);
+       down_write(&l->mutex);
+       l->key.type = type;
+       l->key.ns = ns;
+       l->use_count = 0; /* don't increment here */
+       l->list = NULL;
+       l->owner = cgrp;
+       list_add(&l->links, &cgrp->pidlists);
+       mutex_unlock(&cgrp->pidlist_mutex);
+       return l;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Load a cgroup's pidarray with either procs' tgids or tasks' pids
+ */
+static int pidlist_array_load(struct cgroup *cgrp, enum cgroup_filetype type,
+                             struct cgroup_pidlist **lp)
+{
+       pid_t *array;
+       int length;
+       int pid, n = 0; /* used for populating the array */
        struct cgroup_iter it;
        struct task_struct *tsk;
+       struct cgroup_pidlist *l;
+
+       /*
+        * If cgroup gets more users after we read count, we won't have
+        * enough space - tough.  This race is indistinguishable to the
+        * caller from the case that the additional cgroup users didn't
+        * show up until sometime later on.
+        */
+       length = cgroup_task_count(cgrp);
+       array = pidlist_allocate(length);
+       if (!array)
+               return -ENOMEM;
+       /* now, populate the array */
        cgroup_iter_start(cgrp, &it);
        while ((tsk = cgroup_iter_next(cgrp, &it))) {
-               if (unlikely(n == npids))
+               if (unlikely(n == length))
                        break;
-               pid = task_pid_vnr(tsk);
-               if (pid > 0)
-                       pidarray[n++] = pid;
+               /* get tgid or pid for procs or tasks file respectively */
+               if (type == CGROUP_FILE_PROCS)
+                       pid = task_tgid_vnr(tsk);
+               else
+                       pid = task_pid_vnr(tsk);
+               if (pid > 0) /* make sure to only use valid results */
+                       array[n++] = pid;
        }
        cgroup_iter_end(cgrp, &it);
-       return n;
+       length = n;
+       /* now sort & (if procs) strip out duplicates */
+       sort(array, length, sizeof(pid_t), cmppid, NULL);
+       if (type == CGROUP_FILE_PROCS)
+               length = pidlist_uniq(&array, length);
+       l = cgroup_pidlist_find(cgrp, type);
+       if (!l) {
+               pidlist_free(array);
+               return -ENOMEM;
+       }
+       /* store array, freeing old if necessary - lock already held */
+       pidlist_free(l->list);
+       l->list = array;
+       l->length = length;
+       l->use_count++;
+       up_write(&l->mutex);
+       *lp = l;
+       return 0;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2184,19 +2616,14 @@ err:
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int cmppid(const void *a, const void *b)
-{
-       return *(pid_t *)a - *(pid_t *)b;
-}
-
 
 /*
- * seq_file methods for the "tasks" file. The seq_file position is the
+ * seq_file methods for the tasks/procs files. The seq_file position is the
  * next pid to display; the seq_file iterator is a pointer to the pid
- * in the cgroup->tasks_pids array.
+ * in the cgroup->l->list array.
  */
 
-static void *cgroup_tasks_start(struct seq_file *s, loff_t *pos)
+static void *cgroup_pidlist_start(struct seq_file *s, loff_t *pos)
 {
        /*
         * Initially we receive a position value that corresponds to
@@ -2204,46 +2631,45 @@ static void *cgroup_tasks_start(struct seq_file *s, loff_t *pos)
         * after a seek to the start). Use a binary-search to find the
         * next pid to display, if any
         */
-       struct cgroup *cgrp = s->private;
+       struct cgroup_pidlist *l = s->private;
        int index = 0, pid = *pos;
        int *iter;
 
-       down_read(&cgrp->pids_mutex);
+       down_read(&l->mutex);
        if (pid) {
-               int end = cgrp->pids_length;
+               int end = l->length;
 
                while (index < end) {
                        int mid = (index + end) / 2;
-                       if (cgrp->tasks_pids[mid] == pid) {
+                       if (l->list[mid] == pid) {
                                index = mid;
                                break;
-                       } else if (cgrp->tasks_pids[mid] <= pid)
+                       } else if (l->list[mid] <= pid)
                                index = mid + 1;
                        else
                                end = mid;
                }
        }
        /* If we're off the end of the array, we're done */
-       if (index >= cgrp->pids_length)
+       if (index >= l->length)
                return NULL;
        /* Update the abstract position to be the actual pid that we found */
-       iter = cgrp->tasks_pids + index;
+       iter = l->list + index;
        *pos = *iter;
        return iter;
 }
 
-static void cgroup_tasks_stop(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
+static void cgroup_pidlist_stop(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
 {
-       struct cgroup *cgrp = s->private;
-       up_read(&cgrp->pids_mutex);
+       struct cgroup_pidlist *l = s->private;
+       up_read(&l->mutex);
 }
 
-static void *cgroup_tasks_next(struct seq_file *s, void *v, loff_t *pos)
+static void *cgroup_pidlist_next(struct seq_file *s, void *v, loff_t *pos)
 {
-       struct cgroup *cgrp = s->private;
-       int *p = v;
-       int *end = cgrp->tasks_pids + cgrp->pids_length;
-
+       struct cgroup_pidlist *l = s->private;
+       pid_t *p = v;
+       pid_t *end = l->list + l->length;
        /*
         * Advance to the next pid in the array. If this goes off the
         * end, we're done
@@ -2257,98 +2683,107 @@ static void *cgroup_tasks_next(struct seq_file *s, void *v, loff_t *pos)
        }
 }
 
-static int cgroup_tasks_show(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
+static int cgroup_pidlist_show(struct seq_file *s, void *v)
 {
        return seq_printf(s, "%d\n", *(int *)v);
 }
 
-static struct seq_operations cgroup_tasks_seq_operations = {
-       .start = cgroup_tasks_start,
-       .stop = cgroup_tasks_stop,
-       .next = cgroup_tasks_next,
-       .show = cgroup_tasks_show,
+/*
+ * seq_operations functions for iterating on pidlists through seq_file -
+ * independent of whether it's tasks or procs
+ */
+static const struct seq_operations cgroup_pidlist_seq_operations = {
+       .start = cgroup_pidlist_start,
+       .stop = cgroup_pidlist_stop,
+       .next = cgroup_pidlist_next,
+       .show = cgroup_pidlist_show,
 };
 
-static void release_cgroup_pid_array(struct cgroup *cgrp)
+static void cgroup_release_pid_array(struct cgroup_pidlist *l)
 {
-       down_write(&cgrp->pids_mutex);
-       BUG_ON(!cgrp->pids_use_count);
-       if (!--cgrp->pids_use_count) {
-               kfree(cgrp->tasks_pids);
-               cgrp->tasks_pids = NULL;
-               cgrp->pids_length = 0;
+       /*
+        * the case where we're the last user of this particular pidlist will
+        * have us remove it from the cgroup's list, which entails taking the
+        * mutex. since in pidlist_find the pidlist->lock depends on cgroup->
+        * pidlist_mutex, we have to take pidlist_mutex first.
+        */
+       mutex_lock(&l->owner->pidlist_mutex);
+       down_write(&l->mutex);
+       BUG_ON(!l->use_count);
+       if (!--l->use_count) {
+               /* we're the last user if refcount is 0; remove and free */
+               list_del(&l->links);
+               mutex_unlock(&l->owner->pidlist_mutex);
+               pidlist_free(l->list);
+               put_pid_ns(l->key.ns);
+               up_write(&l->mutex);
+               kfree(l);
+               return;
        }
-       up_write(&cgrp->pids_mutex);
+       mutex_unlock(&l->owner->pidlist_mutex);
+       up_write(&l->mutex);
 }
 
-static int cgroup_tasks_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+static int cgroup_pidlist_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 {
-       struct cgroup *cgrp = __d_cgrp(file->f_dentry->d_parent);
-
+       struct cgroup_pidlist *l;
        if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_READ))
                return 0;
-
-       release_cgroup_pid_array(cgrp);
+       /*
+        * the seq_file will only be initialized if the file was opened for
+        * reading; hence we check if it's not null only in that case.
+        */
+       l = ((struct seq_file *)file->private_data)->private;
+       cgroup_release_pid_array(l);
        return seq_release(inode, file);
 }
 
-static struct file_operations cgroup_tasks_operations = {
+static const struct file_operations cgroup_pidlist_operations = {
        .read = seq_read,
        .llseek = seq_lseek,
        .write = cgroup_file_write,
-       .release = cgroup_tasks_release,
+       .release = cgroup_pidlist_release,
 };
 
 /*
- * Handle an open on 'tasks' file.  Prepare an array containing the
- * process id's of tasks currently attached to the cgroup being opened.
+ * The following functions handle opens on a file that displays a pidlist
+ * (tasks or procs). Prepare an array of the process/thread IDs of whoever's
+ * in the cgroup.
  */
-
-static int cgroup_tasks_open(struct inode *unused, struct file *file)
+/* helper function for the two below it */
+static int cgroup_pidlist_open(struct file *file, enum cgroup_filetype type)
 {
        struct cgroup *cgrp = __d_cgrp(file->f_dentry->d_parent);
-       pid_t *pidarray;
-       int npids;
+       struct cgroup_pidlist *l;
        int retval;
 
        /* Nothing to do for write-only files */
        if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_READ))
                return 0;
 
-       /*
-        * If cgroup gets more users after we read count, we won't have
-        * enough space - tough.  This race is indistinguishable to the
-        * caller from the case that the additional cgroup users didn't
-        * show up until sometime later on.
-        */
-       npids = cgroup_task_count(cgrp);
-       pidarray = kmalloc(npids * sizeof(pid_t), GFP_KERNEL);
-       if (!pidarray)
-               return -ENOMEM;
-       npids = pid_array_load(pidarray, npids, cgrp);
-       sort(pidarray, npids, sizeof(pid_t), cmppid, NULL);
-
-       /*
-        * Store the array in the cgroup, freeing the old
-        * array if necessary
-        */
-       down_write(&cgrp->pids_mutex);
-       kfree(cgrp->tasks_pids);
-       cgrp->tasks_pids = pidarray;
-       cgrp->pids_length = npids;
-       cgrp->pids_use_count++;
-       up_write(&cgrp->pids_mutex);
-
-       file->f_op = &cgroup_tasks_operations;
+       /* have the array populated */
+       retval = pidlist_array_load(cgrp, type, &l);
+       if (retval)
+               return retval;
+       /* configure file information */
+       file->f_op = &cgroup_pidlist_operations;
 
-       retval = seq_open(file, &cgroup_tasks_seq_operations);
+       retval = seq_open(file, &cgroup_pidlist_seq_operations);
        if (retval) {
-               release_cgroup_pid_array(cgrp);
+               cgroup_release_pid_array(l);
                return retval;
        }
-       ((struct seq_file *)file->private_data)->private = cgrp;
+       ((struct seq_file *)file->private_data)->private = l;
        return 0;
 }
+static int cgroup_tasks_open(struct inode *unused, struct file *file)
+{
+       return cgroup_pidlist_open(file, CGROUP_FILE_TASKS);
+}
+static int cgroup_procs_open(struct inode *unused, struct file *file)
+{
+       return cgroup_pidlist_open(file, CGROUP_FILE_PROCS);
+}
 
 static u64 cgroup_read_notify_on_release(struct cgroup *cgrp,
                                            struct cftype *cft)
@@ -2371,21 +2806,27 @@ static int cgroup_write_notify_on_release(struct cgroup *cgrp,
 /*
  * for the common functions, 'private' gives the type of file
  */
+/* for hysterical raisins, we can't put this on the older files */
+#define CGROUP_FILE_GENERIC_PREFIX "cgroup."
 static struct cftype files[] = {
        {
                .name = "tasks",
                .open = cgroup_tasks_open,
                .write_u64 = cgroup_tasks_write,
-               .release = cgroup_tasks_release,
-               .private = FILE_TASKLIST,
+               .release = cgroup_pidlist_release,
                .mode = S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,
        },
-
+       {
+               .name = CGROUP_FILE_GENERIC_PREFIX "procs",
+               .open = cgroup_procs_open,
+               /* .write_u64 = cgroup_procs_write, TODO */
+               .release = cgroup_pidlist_release,
+               .mode = S_IRUGO,
+       },
        {
                .name = "notify_on_release",
                .read_u64 = cgroup_read_notify_on_release,
                .write_u64 = cgroup_write_notify_on_release,
-               .private = FILE_NOTIFY_ON_RELEASE,
        },
 };
 
@@ -2394,7 +2835,6 @@ static struct cftype cft_release_agent = {
        .read_seq_string = cgroup_release_agent_show,
        .write_string = cgroup_release_agent_write,
        .max_write_len = PATH_MAX,
-       .private = FILE_RELEASE_AGENT,
 };
 
 static int cgroup_populate_dir(struct cgroup *cgrp)
@@ -2511,14 +2951,17 @@ static long cgroup_create(struct cgroup *parent, struct dentry *dentry,
 
        for_each_subsys(root, ss) {
                struct cgroup_subsys_state *css = ss->create(ss, cgrp);
+
                if (IS_ERR(css)) {
                        err = PTR_ERR(css);
                        goto err_destroy;
                }
                init_cgroup_css(css, ss, cgrp);
-               if (ss->use_id)
-                       if (alloc_css_id(ss, parent, cgrp))
+               if (ss->use_id) {
+                       err = alloc_css_id(ss, parent, cgrp);
+                       if (err)
                                goto err_destroy;
+               }
                /* At error, ->destroy() callback has to free assigned ID. */
        }
 
@@ -2678,34 +3121,43 @@ again:
        }
        mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
 
+       /*
+        * In general, subsystem has no css->refcnt after pre_destroy(). But
+        * in racy cases, subsystem may have to get css->refcnt after
+        * pre_destroy() and it makes rmdir return with -EBUSY. This sometimes
+        * make rmdir return -EBUSY too often. To avoid that, we use waitqueue
+        * for cgroup's rmdir. CGRP_WAIT_ON_RMDIR is for synchronizing rmdir
+        * and subsystem's reference count handling. Please see css_get/put
+        * and css_tryget() and cgroup_wakeup_rmdir_waiter() implementation.
+        */
+       set_bit(CGRP_WAIT_ON_RMDIR, &cgrp->flags);
+
        /*
         * Call pre_destroy handlers of subsys. Notify subsystems
         * that rmdir() request comes.
         */
        ret = cgroup_call_pre_destroy(cgrp);
-       if (ret)
+       if (ret) {
+               clear_bit(CGRP_WAIT_ON_RMDIR, &cgrp->flags);
                return ret;
+       }
 
        mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
        parent = cgrp->parent;
        if (atomic_read(&cgrp->count) || !list_empty(&cgrp->children)) {
+               clear_bit(CGRP_WAIT_ON_RMDIR, &cgrp->flags);
                mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
                return -EBUSY;
        }
-       /*
-        * css_put/get is provided for subsys to grab refcnt to css. In typical
-        * case, subsystem has no reference after pre_destroy(). But, under
-        * hierarchy management, some *temporal* refcnt can be hold.
-        * To avoid returning -EBUSY to a user, waitqueue is used. If subsys
-        * is really busy, it should return -EBUSY at pre_destroy(). wake_up
-        * is called when css_put() is called and refcnt goes down to 0.
-        */
-       set_bit(CGRP_WAIT_ON_RMDIR, &cgrp->flags);
        prepare_to_wait(&cgroup_rmdir_waitq, &wait, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
-
        if (!cgroup_clear_css_refs(cgrp)) {
                mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
-               schedule();
+               /*
+                * Because someone may call cgroup_wakeup_rmdir_waiter() before
+                * prepare_to_wait(), we need to check this flag.
+                */
+               if (test_bit(CGRP_WAIT_ON_RMDIR, &cgrp->flags))
+                       schedule();
                finish_wait(&cgroup_rmdir_waitq, &wait);
                clear_bit(CGRP_WAIT_ON_RMDIR, &cgrp->flags);
                if (signal_pending(current))
@@ -2792,6 +3244,7 @@ int __init cgroup_init_early(void)
        init_task.cgroups = &init_css_set;
 
        init_css_set_link.cg = &init_css_set;
+       init_css_set_link.cgrp = dummytop;
        list_add(&init_css_set_link.cgrp_link_list,
                 &rootnode.top_cgroup.css_sets);
        list_add(&init_css_set_link.cg_link_list,
@@ -2846,7 +3299,7 @@ int __init cgroup_init(void)
        /* Add init_css_set to the hash table */
        hhead = css_set_hash(init_css_set.subsys);
        hlist_add_head(&init_css_set.hlist, hhead);
-
+       BUG_ON(!init_root_id(&rootnode));
        err = register_filesystem(&cgroup_fs_type);
        if (err < 0)
                goto out;
@@ -2899,15 +3352,16 @@ static int proc_cgroup_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
        for_each_active_root(root) {
                struct cgroup_subsys *ss;
                struct cgroup *cgrp;
-               int subsys_id;
                int count = 0;
 
-               seq_printf(m, "%lu:", root->subsys_bits);
+               seq_printf(m, "%d:", root->hierarchy_id);
                for_each_subsys(root, ss)
                        seq_printf(m, "%s%s", count++ ? "," : "", ss->name);
+               if (strlen(root->name))
+                       seq_printf(m, "%sname=%s", count ? "," : "",
+                                  root->name);
                seq_putc(m, ':');
-               get_first_subsys(&root->top_cgroup, NULL, &subsys_id);
-               cgrp = task_cgroup(tsk, subsys_id);
+               cgrp = task_cgroup_from_root(tsk, root);
                retval = cgroup_path(cgrp, buf, PAGE_SIZE);
                if (retval < 0)
                        goto out_unlock;
@@ -2930,7 +3384,7 @@ static int cgroup_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
        return single_open(file, proc_cgroup_show, pid);
 }
 
-struct file_operations proc_cgroup_operations = {
+const struct file_operations proc_cgroup_operations = {
        .open           = cgroup_open,
        .read           = seq_read,
        .llseek         = seq_lseek,
@@ -2946,8 +3400,8 @@ static int proc_cgroupstats_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
        mutex_lock(&cgroup_mutex);
        for (i = 0; i < CGROUP_SUBSYS_COUNT; i++) {
                struct cgroup_subsys *ss = subsys[i];
-               seq_printf(m, "%s\t%lu\t%d\t%d\n",
-                          ss->name, ss->root->subsys_bits,
+               seq_printf(m, "%s\t%d\t%d\t%d\n",
+                          ss->name, ss->root->hierarchy_id,
                           ss->root->number_of_cgroups, !ss->disabled);
        }
        mutex_unlock(&cgroup_mutex);
@@ -2959,7 +3413,7 @@ static int cgroupstats_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
        return single_open(file, proc_cgroupstats_show, NULL);
 }
 
-static struct file_operations proc_cgroupstats_operations = {
+static const struct file_operations proc_cgroupstats_operations = {
        .open = cgroupstats_open,
        .read = seq_read,
        .llseek = seq_lseek,
@@ -3233,13 +3687,11 @@ int cgroup_is_descendant(const struct cgroup *cgrp, struct task_struct *task)
 {
        int ret;
        struct cgroup *target;
-       int subsys_id;
 
        if (cgrp == dummytop)
                return 1;
 
-       get_first_subsys(cgrp, NULL, &subsys_id);
-       target = task_cgroup(task, subsys_id);
+       target = task_cgroup_from_root(task, cgrp->root);
        while (cgrp != target && cgrp!= cgrp->top_cgroup)
                cgrp = cgrp->parent;
        ret = (cgrp == target);
@@ -3271,15 +3723,18 @@ static void check_for_release(struct cgroup *cgrp)
 void __css_put(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
 {
        struct cgroup *cgrp = css->cgroup;
+       int val;
        rcu_read_lock();
-       if (atomic_dec_return(&css->refcnt) == 1) {
+       val = atomic_dec_return(&css->refcnt);
+       if (val == 1) {
                if (notify_on_release(cgrp)) {
                        set_bit(CGRP_RELEASABLE, &cgrp->flags);
                        check_for_release(cgrp);
                }
-               cgroup_wakeup_rmdir_waiters(cgrp);
+               cgroup_wakeup_rmdir_waiter(cgrp);
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();
+       WARN_ON_ONCE(val < 1);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3606,3 +4061,154 @@ css_get_next(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, int id,
        return ret;
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_DEBUG
+static struct cgroup_subsys_state *debug_create(struct cgroup_subsys *ss,
+                                                  struct cgroup *cont)
+{
+       struct cgroup_subsys_state *css = kzalloc(sizeof(*css), GFP_KERNEL);
+
+       if (!css)
+               return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+       return css;
+}
+
+static void debug_destroy(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cgroup *cont)
+{
+       kfree(cont->subsys[debug_subsys_id]);
+}
+
+static u64 cgroup_refcount_read(struct cgroup *cont, struct cftype *cft)
+{
+       return atomic_read(&cont->count);
+}
+
+static u64 debug_taskcount_read(struct cgroup *cont, struct cftype *cft)
+{
+       return cgroup_task_count(cont);
+}
+
+static u64 current_css_set_read(struct cgroup *cont, struct cftype *cft)
+{
+       return (u64)(unsigned long)current->cgroups;
+}
+
+static u64 current_css_set_refcount_read(struct cgroup *cont,
+                                          struct cftype *cft)
+{
+       u64 count;
+
+       rcu_read_lock();
+       count = atomic_read(&current->cgroups->refcount);
+       rcu_read_unlock();
+       return count;
+}
+
+static int current_css_set_cg_links_read(struct cgroup *cont,
+                                        struct cftype *cft,
+                                        struct seq_file *seq)
+{
+       struct cg_cgroup_link *link;
+       struct css_set *cg;
+
+       read_lock(&css_set_lock);
+       rcu_read_lock();
+       cg = rcu_dereference(current->cgroups);
+       list_for_each_entry(link, &cg->cg_links, cg_link_list) {
+               struct cgroup *c = link->cgrp;
+               const char *name;
+
+               if (c->dentry)
+                       name = c->dentry->d_name.name;
+               else
+                       name = "?";
+               seq_printf(seq, "Root %d group %s\n",
+                          c->root->hierarchy_id, name);
+       }
+       rcu_read_unlock();
+       read_unlock(&css_set_lock);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+#define MAX_TASKS_SHOWN_PER_CSS 25
+static int cgroup_css_links_read(struct cgroup *cont,
+                                struct cftype *cft,
+                                struct seq_file *seq)
+{
+       struct cg_cgroup_link *link;
+
+       read_lock(&css_set_lock);
+       list_for_each_entry(link, &cont->css_sets, cgrp_link_list) {
+               struct css_set *cg = link->cg;
+               struct task_struct *task;
+               int count = 0;
+               seq_printf(seq, "css_set %p\n", cg);
+               list_for_each_entry(task, &cg->tasks, cg_list) {
+                       if (count++ > MAX_TASKS_SHOWN_PER_CSS) {
+                               seq_puts(seq, "  ...\n");
+                               break;
+                       } else {
+                               seq_printf(seq, "  task %d\n",
+                                          task_pid_vnr(task));
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       read_unlock(&css_set_lock);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static u64 releasable_read(struct cgroup *cgrp, struct cftype *cft)
+{
+       return test_bit(CGRP_RELEASABLE, &cgrp->flags);
+}
+
+static struct cftype debug_files[] =  {
+       {
+               .name = "cgroup_refcount",
+               .read_u64 = cgroup_refcount_read,
+       },
+       {
+               .name = "taskcount",
+               .read_u64 = debug_taskcount_read,
+       },
+
+       {
+               .name = "current_css_set",
+               .read_u64 = current_css_set_read,
+       },
+
+       {
+               .name = "current_css_set_refcount",
+               .read_u64 = current_css_set_refcount_read,
+       },
+
+       {
+               .name = "current_css_set_cg_links",
+               .read_seq_string = current_css_set_cg_links_read,
+       },
+
+       {
+               .name = "cgroup_css_links",
+               .read_seq_string = cgroup_css_links_read,
+       },
+
+       {
+               .name = "releasable",
+               .read_u64 = releasable_read,
+       },
+};
+
+static int debug_populate(struct cgroup_subsys *ss, struct cgroup *cont)
+{
+       return cgroup_add_files(cont, ss, debug_files,
+                               ARRAY_SIZE(debug_files));
+}
+
+struct cgroup_subsys debug_subsys = {
+       .name = "debug",
+       .create = debug_create,
+       .destroy = debug_destroy,
+       .populate = debug_populate,
+       .subsys_id = debug_subsys_id,
+};
+#endif /* CONFIG_CGROUP_DEBUG */