]> nv-tegra.nvidia Code Review - linux-2.6.git/blobdiff - fs/nilfs2/btree.c
nilfs2: fiemap support
[linux-2.6.git] / fs / nilfs2 / btree.c
index e25b507a474fc46c30f2ae84d2c5fb1521a0dbb3..300c2bc00c3f4c29034459d885fa4adf34850c99 100644 (file)
 #include "alloc.h"
 #include "dat.h"
 
-/**
- * struct nilfs_btree_path - A path on which B-tree operations are executed
- * @bp_bh: buffer head of node block
- * @bp_sib_bh: buffer head of sibling node block
- * @bp_index: index of child node
- * @bp_oldreq: ptr end request for old ptr
- * @bp_newreq: ptr alloc request for new ptr
- * @bp_op: rebalance operation
- */
-struct nilfs_btree_path {
-       struct buffer_head *bp_bh;
-       struct buffer_head *bp_sib_bh;
-       int bp_index;
-       union nilfs_bmap_ptr_req bp_oldreq;
-       union nilfs_bmap_ptr_req bp_newreq;
-       struct nilfs_btnode_chkey_ctxt bp_ctxt;
-       void (*bp_op)(struct nilfs_btree *, struct nilfs_btree_path *,
-                     int, __u64 *, __u64 *);
-};
-
-/*
- * B-tree path operations
- */
-
-static struct kmem_cache *nilfs_btree_path_cache;
-
-int __init nilfs_btree_path_cache_init(void)
+static struct nilfs_btree_path *nilfs_btree_alloc_path(void)
 {
-       nilfs_btree_path_cache =
-               kmem_cache_create("nilfs2_btree_path_cache",
-                                 sizeof(struct nilfs_btree_path) *
-                                 NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_MAX, 0, 0, NULL);
-       return (nilfs_btree_path_cache != NULL) ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
-}
-
-void nilfs_btree_path_cache_destroy(void)
-{
-       kmem_cache_destroy(nilfs_btree_path_cache);
-}
-
-static inline struct nilfs_btree_path *nilfs_btree_alloc_path(void)
-{
-       return kmem_cache_alloc(nilfs_btree_path_cache, GFP_NOFS);
-}
-
-static inline void nilfs_btree_free_path(struct nilfs_btree_path *path)
-{
-       kmem_cache_free(nilfs_btree_path_cache, path);
-}
+       struct nilfs_btree_path *path;
+       int level = NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_DATA;
 
-static void nilfs_btree_init_path(struct nilfs_btree_path *path)
-{
-       int level;
+       path = kmem_cache_alloc(nilfs_btree_path_cache, GFP_NOFS);
+       if (path == NULL)
+               goto out;
 
-       for (level = NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_DATA;
-            level < NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_MAX;
-            level++) {
+       for (; level < NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_MAX; level++) {
                path[level].bp_bh = NULL;
                path[level].bp_sib_bh = NULL;
                path[level].bp_index = 0;
@@ -95,106 +48,88 @@ static void nilfs_btree_init_path(struct nilfs_btree_path *path)
                path[level].bp_newreq.bpr_ptr = NILFS_BMAP_INVALID_PTR;
                path[level].bp_op = NULL;
        }
+
+out:
+       return path;
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_release_path(struct nilfs_btree_path *path)
+static void nilfs_btree_free_path(struct nilfs_btree_path *path)
 {
-       int level;
+       int level = NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_DATA;
 
-       for (level = NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_DATA; level < NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_MAX;
-            level++)
+       for (; level < NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_MAX; level++)
                brelse(path[level].bp_bh);
+
+       kmem_cache_free(nilfs_btree_path_cache, path);
 }
 
 /*
  * B-tree node operations
  */
-static int nilfs_btree_get_block(const struct nilfs_btree *btree, __u64 ptr,
-                                struct buffer_head **bhp)
-{
-       struct address_space *btnc =
-               &NILFS_BMAP_I((struct nilfs_bmap *)btree)->i_btnode_cache;
-       return nilfs_btnode_get(btnc, ptr, 0, bhp, 0);
-}
-
-static int nilfs_btree_get_new_block(const struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static int nilfs_btree_get_new_block(const struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                     __u64 ptr, struct buffer_head **bhp)
 {
-       struct address_space *btnc =
-               &NILFS_BMAP_I((struct nilfs_bmap *)btree)->i_btnode_cache;
-       int ret;
+       struct address_space *btnc = &NILFS_BMAP_I(btree)->i_btnode_cache;
+       struct buffer_head *bh;
 
-       ret = nilfs_btnode_get(btnc, ptr, 0, bhp, 1);
-       if (!ret)
-               set_buffer_nilfs_volatile(*bhp);
-       return ret;
+       bh = nilfs_btnode_create_block(btnc, ptr);
+       if (!bh)
+               return -ENOMEM;
+
+       set_buffer_nilfs_volatile(bh);
+       *bhp = bh;
+       return 0;
 }
 
-static inline int
-nilfs_btree_node_get_flags(const struct nilfs_btree_node *node)
+static int nilfs_btree_node_get_flags(const struct nilfs_btree_node *node)
 {
        return node->bn_flags;
 }
 
-static inline void
+static void
 nilfs_btree_node_set_flags(struct nilfs_btree_node *node, int flags)
 {
        node->bn_flags = flags;
 }
 
-static inline int nilfs_btree_node_root(const struct nilfs_btree_node *node)
+static int nilfs_btree_node_root(const struct nilfs_btree_node *node)
 {
        return nilfs_btree_node_get_flags(node) & NILFS_BTREE_NODE_ROOT;
 }
 
-static inline int
-nilfs_btree_node_get_level(const struct nilfs_btree_node *node)
+static int nilfs_btree_node_get_level(const struct nilfs_btree_node *node)
 {
        return node->bn_level;
 }
 
-static inline void
+static void
 nilfs_btree_node_set_level(struct nilfs_btree_node *node, int level)
 {
        node->bn_level = level;
 }
 
-static inline int
-nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(const struct nilfs_btree_node *node)
+static int nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(const struct nilfs_btree_node *node)
 {
        return le16_to_cpu(node->bn_nchildren);
 }
 
-static inline void
+static void
 nilfs_btree_node_set_nchildren(struct nilfs_btree_node *node, int nchildren)
 {
        node->bn_nchildren = cpu_to_le16(nchildren);
 }
 
-static inline int nilfs_btree_node_size(const struct nilfs_btree *btree)
+static int nilfs_btree_node_size(const struct nilfs_bmap *btree)
 {
-       return 1 << btree->bt_bmap.b_inode->i_blkbits;
+       return 1 << btree->b_inode->i_blkbits;
 }
 
-static inline int
-nilfs_btree_node_nchildren_min(const struct nilfs_btree_node *node,
-                              const struct nilfs_btree *btree)
+static int nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(const struct nilfs_bmap *btree)
 {
-       return nilfs_btree_node_root(node) ?
-               NILFS_BTREE_ROOT_NCHILDREN_MIN :
-               NILFS_BTREE_NODE_NCHILDREN_MIN(nilfs_btree_node_size(btree));
+       return btree->b_nchildren_per_block;
 }
 
-static inline int
-nilfs_btree_node_nchildren_max(const struct nilfs_btree_node *node,
-                              const struct nilfs_btree *btree)
-{
-       return nilfs_btree_node_root(node) ?
-               NILFS_BTREE_ROOT_NCHILDREN_MAX :
-               NILFS_BTREE_NODE_NCHILDREN_MAX(nilfs_btree_node_size(btree));
-}
-
-static inline __le64 *
+static __le64 *
 nilfs_btree_node_dkeys(const struct nilfs_btree_node *node)
 {
        return (__le64 *)((char *)(node + 1) +
@@ -202,45 +137,40 @@ nilfs_btree_node_dkeys(const struct nilfs_btree_node *node)
                           0 : NILFS_BTREE_NODE_EXTRA_PAD_SIZE));
 }
 
-static inline __le64 *
-nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(const struct nilfs_btree_node *node,
-                      const struct nilfs_btree *btree)
+static __le64 *
+nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(const struct nilfs_btree_node *node, int ncmax)
 {
-       return (__le64 *)(nilfs_btree_node_dkeys(node) +
-                         nilfs_btree_node_nchildren_max(node, btree));
+       return (__le64 *)(nilfs_btree_node_dkeys(node) + ncmax);
 }
 
-static inline __u64
+static __u64
 nilfs_btree_node_get_key(const struct nilfs_btree_node *node, int index)
 {
-       return nilfs_bmap_dkey_to_key(*(nilfs_btree_node_dkeys(node) + index));
+       return le64_to_cpu(*(nilfs_btree_node_dkeys(node) + index));
 }
 
-static inline void
+static void
 nilfs_btree_node_set_key(struct nilfs_btree_node *node, int index, __u64 key)
 {
-       *(nilfs_btree_node_dkeys(node) + index) = nilfs_bmap_key_to_dkey(key);
+       *(nilfs_btree_node_dkeys(node) + index) = cpu_to_le64(key);
 }
 
-static inline __u64
-nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(const struct nilfs_btree *btree,
-                        const struct nilfs_btree_node *node, int index)
+static __u64
+nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(const struct nilfs_btree_node *node, int index,
+                        int ncmax)
 {
-       return nilfs_bmap_dptr_to_ptr(*(nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(node, btree) +
-                                       index));
+       return le64_to_cpu(*(nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(node, ncmax) + index));
 }
 
-static inline void
-nilfs_btree_node_set_ptr(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
-                        struct nilfs_btree_node *node, int index, __u64 ptr)
+static void
+nilfs_btree_node_set_ptr(struct nilfs_btree_node *node, int index, __u64 ptr,
+                        int ncmax)
 {
-       *(nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(node, btree) + index) =
-               nilfs_bmap_ptr_to_dptr(ptr);
+       *(nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(node, ncmax) + index) = cpu_to_le64(ptr);
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_node_init(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
-                                 struct nilfs_btree_node *node,
-                                 int flags, int level, int nchildren,
+static void nilfs_btree_node_init(struct nilfs_btree_node *node, int flags,
+                                 int level, int nchildren, int ncmax,
                                  const __u64 *keys, const __u64 *ptrs)
 {
        __le64 *dkeys;
@@ -252,29 +182,28 @@ static void nilfs_btree_node_init(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        nilfs_btree_node_set_nchildren(node, nchildren);
 
        dkeys = nilfs_btree_node_dkeys(node);
-       dptrs = nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(node, btree);
+       dptrs = nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(node, ncmax);
        for (i = 0; i < nchildren; i++) {
-               dkeys[i] = nilfs_bmap_key_to_dkey(keys[i]);
-               dptrs[i] = nilfs_bmap_ptr_to_dptr(ptrs[i]);
+               dkeys[i] = cpu_to_le64(keys[i]);
+               dptrs[i] = cpu_to_le64(ptrs[i]);
        }
 }
 
 /* Assume the buffer heads corresponding to left and right are locked. */
-static void nilfs_btree_node_move_left(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
-                                      struct nilfs_btree_node *left,
+static void nilfs_btree_node_move_left(struct nilfs_btree_node *left,
                                       struct nilfs_btree_node *right,
-                                      int n)
+                                      int n, int lncmax, int rncmax)
 {
        __le64 *ldkeys, *rdkeys;
        __le64 *ldptrs, *rdptrs;
        int lnchildren, rnchildren;
 
        ldkeys = nilfs_btree_node_dkeys(left);
-       ldptrs = nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(left, btree);
+       ldptrs = nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(left, lncmax);
        lnchildren = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(left);
 
        rdkeys = nilfs_btree_node_dkeys(right);
-       rdptrs = nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(right, btree);
+       rdptrs = nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(right, rncmax);
        rnchildren = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(right);
 
        memcpy(ldkeys + lnchildren, rdkeys, n * sizeof(*rdkeys));
@@ -289,21 +218,20 @@ static void nilfs_btree_node_move_left(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
 }
 
 /* Assume that the buffer heads corresponding to left and right are locked. */
-static void nilfs_btree_node_move_right(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
-                                       struct nilfs_btree_node *left,
+static void nilfs_btree_node_move_right(struct nilfs_btree_node *left,
                                        struct nilfs_btree_node *right,
-                                       int n)
+                                       int n, int lncmax, int rncmax)
 {
        __le64 *ldkeys, *rdkeys;
        __le64 *ldptrs, *rdptrs;
        int lnchildren, rnchildren;
 
        ldkeys = nilfs_btree_node_dkeys(left);
-       ldptrs = nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(left, btree);
+       ldptrs = nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(left, lncmax);
        lnchildren = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(left);
 
        rdkeys = nilfs_btree_node_dkeys(right);
-       rdptrs = nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(right, btree);
+       rdptrs = nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(right, rncmax);
        rnchildren = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(right);
 
        memmove(rdkeys + n, rdkeys, rnchildren * sizeof(*rdkeys));
@@ -318,16 +246,15 @@ static void nilfs_btree_node_move_right(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
 }
 
 /* Assume that the buffer head corresponding to node is locked. */
-static void nilfs_btree_node_insert(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
-                                   struct nilfs_btree_node *node,
-                                   __u64 key, __u64 ptr, int index)
+static void nilfs_btree_node_insert(struct nilfs_btree_node *node, int index,
+                                   __u64 key, __u64 ptr, int ncmax)
 {
        __le64 *dkeys;
        __le64 *dptrs;
        int nchildren;
 
        dkeys = nilfs_btree_node_dkeys(node);
-       dptrs = nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(node, btree);
+       dptrs = nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(node, ncmax);
        nchildren = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(node);
        if (index < nchildren) {
                memmove(dkeys + index + 1, dkeys + index,
@@ -335,16 +262,15 @@ static void nilfs_btree_node_insert(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
                memmove(dptrs + index + 1, dptrs + index,
                        (nchildren - index) * sizeof(*dptrs));
        }
-       dkeys[index] = nilfs_bmap_key_to_dkey(key);
-       dptrs[index] = nilfs_bmap_ptr_to_dptr(ptr);
+       dkeys[index] = cpu_to_le64(key);
+       dptrs[index] = cpu_to_le64(ptr);
        nchildren++;
        nilfs_btree_node_set_nchildren(node, nchildren);
 }
 
 /* Assume that the buffer head corresponding to node is locked. */
-static void nilfs_btree_node_delete(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
-                                   struct nilfs_btree_node *node,
-                                   __u64 *keyp, __u64 *ptrp, int index)
+static void nilfs_btree_node_delete(struct nilfs_btree_node *node, int index,
+                                   __u64 *keyp, __u64 *ptrp, int ncmax)
 {
        __u64 key;
        __u64 ptr;
@@ -353,9 +279,9 @@ static void nilfs_btree_node_delete(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        int nchildren;
 
        dkeys = nilfs_btree_node_dkeys(node);
-       dptrs = nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(node, btree);
-       key = nilfs_bmap_dkey_to_key(dkeys[index]);
-       ptr = nilfs_bmap_dptr_to_ptr(dptrs[index]);
+       dptrs = nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(node, ncmax);
+       key = le64_to_cpu(dkeys[index]);
+       ptr = le64_to_cpu(dptrs[index]);
        nchildren = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(node);
        if (keyp != NULL)
                *keyp = key;
@@ -411,46 +337,180 @@ static int nilfs_btree_node_lookup(const struct nilfs_btree_node *node,
        return s == 0;
 }
 
-static inline struct nilfs_btree_node *
-nilfs_btree_get_root(const struct nilfs_btree *btree)
+/**
+ * nilfs_btree_node_broken - verify consistency of btree node
+ * @node: btree node block to be examined
+ * @size: node size (in bytes)
+ * @blocknr: block number
+ *
+ * Return Value: If node is broken, 1 is returned. Otherwise, 0 is returned.
+ */
+static int nilfs_btree_node_broken(const struct nilfs_btree_node *node,
+                                  size_t size, sector_t blocknr)
 {
-       return (struct nilfs_btree_node *)btree->bt_bmap.b_u.u_data;
+       int level, flags, nchildren;
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       level = nilfs_btree_node_get_level(node);
+       flags = nilfs_btree_node_get_flags(node);
+       nchildren = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(node);
+
+       if (unlikely(level < NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_NODE_MIN ||
+                    level >= NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_MAX ||
+                    (flags & NILFS_BTREE_NODE_ROOT) ||
+                    nchildren < 0 ||
+                    nchildren > NILFS_BTREE_NODE_NCHILDREN_MAX(size))) {
+               printk(KERN_CRIT "NILFS: bad btree node (blocknr=%llu): "
+                      "level = %d, flags = 0x%x, nchildren = %d\n",
+                      (unsigned long long)blocknr, level, flags, nchildren);
+               ret = 1;
+       }
+       return ret;
+}
+
+int nilfs_btree_broken_node_block(struct buffer_head *bh)
+{
+       int ret;
+
+       if (buffer_nilfs_checked(bh))
+               return 0;
+
+       ret = nilfs_btree_node_broken((struct nilfs_btree_node *)bh->b_data,
+                                      bh->b_size, bh->b_blocknr);
+       if (likely(!ret))
+               set_buffer_nilfs_checked(bh);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-static inline struct nilfs_btree_node *
+static struct nilfs_btree_node *
+nilfs_btree_get_root(const struct nilfs_bmap *btree)
+{
+       return (struct nilfs_btree_node *)btree->b_u.u_data;
+}
+
+static struct nilfs_btree_node *
 nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node(const struct nilfs_btree_path *path, int level)
 {
        return (struct nilfs_btree_node *)path[level].bp_bh->b_data;
 }
 
-static inline struct nilfs_btree_node *
+static struct nilfs_btree_node *
 nilfs_btree_get_sib_node(const struct nilfs_btree_path *path, int level)
 {
        return (struct nilfs_btree_node *)path[level].bp_sib_bh->b_data;
 }
 
-static inline int nilfs_btree_height(const struct nilfs_btree *btree)
+static int nilfs_btree_height(const struct nilfs_bmap *btree)
 {
        return nilfs_btree_node_get_level(nilfs_btree_get_root(btree)) + 1;
 }
 
-static inline struct nilfs_btree_node *
-nilfs_btree_get_node(const struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static struct nilfs_btree_node *
+nilfs_btree_get_node(const struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                     const struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
-                    int level)
+                    int level, int *ncmaxp)
+{
+       struct nilfs_btree_node *node;
+
+       if (level == nilfs_btree_height(btree) - 1) {
+               node = nilfs_btree_get_root(btree);
+               *ncmaxp = NILFS_BTREE_ROOT_NCHILDREN_MAX;
+       } else {
+               node = nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node(path, level);
+               *ncmaxp = nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(btree);
+       }
+       return node;
+}
+
+static int
+nilfs_btree_bad_node(struct nilfs_btree_node *node, int level)
+{
+       if (unlikely(nilfs_btree_node_get_level(node) != level)) {
+               dump_stack();
+               printk(KERN_CRIT "NILFS: btree level mismatch: %d != %d\n",
+                      nilfs_btree_node_get_level(node), level);
+               return 1;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+struct nilfs_btree_readahead_info {
+       struct nilfs_btree_node *node;  /* parent node */
+       int max_ra_blocks;              /* max nof blocks to read ahead */
+       int index;                      /* current index on the parent node */
+       int ncmax;                      /* nof children in the parent node */
+};
+
+static int __nilfs_btree_get_block(const struct nilfs_bmap *btree, __u64 ptr,
+                                  struct buffer_head **bhp,
+                                  const struct nilfs_btree_readahead_info *ra)
+{
+       struct address_space *btnc = &NILFS_BMAP_I(btree)->i_btnode_cache;
+       struct buffer_head *bh, *ra_bh;
+       sector_t submit_ptr = 0;
+       int ret;
+
+       ret = nilfs_btnode_submit_block(btnc, ptr, 0, READ, &bh, &submit_ptr);
+       if (ret) {
+               if (ret != -EEXIST)
+                       return ret;
+               goto out_check;
+       }
+
+       if (ra) {
+               int i, n;
+               __u64 ptr2;
+
+               /* read ahead sibling nodes */
+               for (n = ra->max_ra_blocks, i = ra->index + 1;
+                    n > 0 && i < ra->ncmax; n--, i++) {
+                       ptr2 = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(ra->node, i, ra->ncmax);
+
+                       ret = nilfs_btnode_submit_block(btnc, ptr2, 0, READA,
+                                                       &ra_bh, &submit_ptr);
+                       if (likely(!ret || ret == -EEXIST))
+                               brelse(ra_bh);
+                       else if (ret != -EBUSY)
+                               break;
+                       if (!buffer_locked(bh))
+                               goto out_no_wait;
+               }
+       }
+
+       wait_on_buffer(bh);
+
+ out_no_wait:
+       if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
+               brelse(bh);
+               return -EIO;
+       }
+
+ out_check:
+       if (nilfs_btree_broken_node_block(bh)) {
+               clear_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+               brelse(bh);
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
+
+       *bhp = bh;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int nilfs_btree_get_block(const struct nilfs_bmap *btree, __u64 ptr,
+                                  struct buffer_head **bhp)
 {
-       return (level == nilfs_btree_height(btree) - 1) ?
-               nilfs_btree_get_root(btree) :
-               nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node(path, level);
+       return __nilfs_btree_get_block(btree, ptr, bhp, NULL);
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_do_lookup(const struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static int nilfs_btree_do_lookup(const struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                 struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
-                                __u64 key, __u64 *ptrp, int minlevel)
+                                __u64 key, __u64 *ptrp, int minlevel,
+                                int readahead)
 {
        struct nilfs_btree_node *node;
+       struct nilfs_btree_readahead_info p, *ra;
        __u64 ptr;
-       int level, index, found, ret;
+       int level, index, found, ncmax, ret;
 
        node = nilfs_btree_get_root(btree);
        level = nilfs_btree_node_get_level(node);
@@ -458,23 +518,37 @@ static int nilfs_btree_do_lookup(const struct nilfs_btree *btree,
                return -ENOENT;
 
        found = nilfs_btree_node_lookup(node, key, &index);
-       ptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, node, index);
+       ptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(node, index,
+                                      NILFS_BTREE_ROOT_NCHILDREN_MAX);
        path[level].bp_bh = NULL;
        path[level].bp_index = index;
 
-       for (level--; level >= minlevel; level--) {
-               ret = nilfs_btree_get_block(btree, ptr, &path[level].bp_bh);
+       ncmax = nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(btree);
+
+       while (--level >= minlevel) {
+               ra = NULL;
+               if (level == NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_NODE_MIN && readahead) {
+                       p.node = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level + 1,
+                                                     &p.ncmax);
+                       p.index = index;
+                       p.max_ra_blocks = 7;
+                       ra = &p;
+               }
+               ret = __nilfs_btree_get_block(btree, ptr, &path[level].bp_bh,
+                                             ra);
                if (ret < 0)
                        return ret;
+
                node = nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node(path, level);
-               BUG_ON(level != nilfs_btree_node_get_level(node));
+               if (nilfs_btree_bad_node(node, level))
+                       return -EINVAL;
                if (!found)
                        found = nilfs_btree_node_lookup(node, key, &index);
                else
                        index = 0;
-               if (index < nilfs_btree_node_nchildren_max(node, btree))
-                       ptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, node, index);
-               else {
+               if (index < ncmax) {
+                       ptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(node, index, ncmax);
+               else {
                        WARN_ON(found || level != NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_NODE_MIN);
                        /* insert */
                        ptr = NILFS_BMAP_INVALID_PTR;
@@ -490,31 +564,34 @@ static int nilfs_btree_do_lookup(const struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_do_lookup_last(const struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static int nilfs_btree_do_lookup_last(const struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                      struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                      __u64 *keyp, __u64 *ptrp)
 {
        struct nilfs_btree_node *node;
        __u64 ptr;
-       int index, level, ret;
+       int index, level, ncmax, ret;
 
        node = nilfs_btree_get_root(btree);
        index = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(node) - 1;
        if (index < 0)
                return -ENOENT;
        level = nilfs_btree_node_get_level(node);
-       ptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, node, index);
+       ptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(node, index,
+                                      NILFS_BTREE_ROOT_NCHILDREN_MAX);
        path[level].bp_bh = NULL;
        path[level].bp_index = index;
+       ncmax = nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(btree);
 
        for (level--; level > 0; level--) {
                ret = nilfs_btree_get_block(btree, ptr, &path[level].bp_bh);
                if (ret < 0)
                        return ret;
                node = nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node(path, level);
-               BUG_ON(level != nilfs_btree_node_get_level(node));
+               if (nilfs_btree_bad_node(node, level))
+                       return -EINVAL;
                index = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(node) - 1;
-               ptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, node, index);
+               ptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(node, index, ncmax);
                path[level].bp_index = index;
        }
 
@@ -526,53 +603,45 @@ static int nilfs_btree_do_lookup_last(const struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_lookup(const struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
+static int nilfs_btree_lookup(const struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                              __u64 key, int level, __u64 *ptrp)
 {
-       struct nilfs_btree *btree;
        struct nilfs_btree_path *path;
-       __u64 ptr;
        int ret;
 
-       btree = (struct nilfs_btree *)bmap;
        path = nilfs_btree_alloc_path();
        if (path == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
-       nilfs_btree_init_path(path);
 
-       ret = nilfs_btree_do_lookup(btree, path, key, &ptr, level);
+       ret = nilfs_btree_do_lookup(btree, path, key, ptrp, level, 0);
 
-       if (ptrp != NULL)
-               *ptrp = ptr;
-
-       nilfs_btree_release_path(path);
        nilfs_btree_free_path(path);
 
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_lookup_contig(const struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
+static int nilfs_btree_lookup_contig(const struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                     __u64 key, __u64 *ptrp, unsigned maxblocks)
 {
-       struct nilfs_btree *btree = (struct nilfs_btree *)bmap;
        struct nilfs_btree_path *path;
        struct nilfs_btree_node *node;
        struct inode *dat = NULL;
        __u64 ptr, ptr2;
        sector_t blocknr;
        int level = NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_NODE_MIN;
-       int ret, cnt, index, maxlevel;
+       int ret, cnt, index, maxlevel, ncmax;
+       struct nilfs_btree_readahead_info p;
 
        path = nilfs_btree_alloc_path();
        if (path == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
-       nilfs_btree_init_path(path);
-       ret = nilfs_btree_do_lookup(btree, path, key, &ptr, level);
+
+       ret = nilfs_btree_do_lookup(btree, path, key, &ptr, level, 1);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto out;
 
-       if (NILFS_BMAP_USE_VBN(bmap)) {
-               dat = nilfs_bmap_get_dat(bmap);
+       if (NILFS_BMAP_USE_VBN(btree)) {
+               dat = nilfs_bmap_get_dat(btree);
                ret = nilfs_dat_translate(dat, ptr, &blocknr);
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto out;
@@ -583,14 +652,14 @@ static int nilfs_btree_lookup_contig(const struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
                goto end;
 
        maxlevel = nilfs_btree_height(btree) - 1;
-       node = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level);
+       node = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level, &ncmax);
        index = path[level].bp_index + 1;
        for (;;) {
                while (index < nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(node)) {
                        if (nilfs_btree_node_get_key(node, index) !=
                            key + cnt)
                                goto end;
-                       ptr2 = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, node, index);
+                       ptr2 = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(node, index, ncmax);
                        if (dat) {
                                ret = nilfs_dat_translate(dat, ptr2, &blocknr);
                                if (ret < 0)
@@ -606,20 +675,24 @@ static int nilfs_btree_lookup_contig(const struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
                        break;
 
                /* look-up right sibling node */
-               node = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level + 1);
-               index = path[level + 1].bp_index + 1;
-               if (index >= nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(node) ||
-                   nilfs_btree_node_get_key(node, index) != key + cnt)
+               p.node = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level + 1, &p.ncmax);
+               p.index = path[level + 1].bp_index + 1;
+               p.max_ra_blocks = 7;
+               if (p.index >= nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(p.node) ||
+                   nilfs_btree_node_get_key(p.node, p.index) != key + cnt)
                        break;
-               ptr2 = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, node, index);
-               path[level + 1].bp_index = index;
+               ptr2 = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(p.node, p.index, p.ncmax);
+               path[level + 1].bp_index = p.index;
 
                brelse(path[level].bp_bh);
                path[level].bp_bh = NULL;
-               ret = nilfs_btree_get_block(btree, ptr2, &path[level].bp_bh);
+
+               ret = __nilfs_btree_get_block(btree, ptr2, &path[level].bp_bh,
+                                             &p);
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto out;
                node = nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node(path, level);
+               ncmax = nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(btree);
                index = 0;
                path[level].bp_index = index;
        }
@@ -627,24 +700,21 @@ static int nilfs_btree_lookup_contig(const struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
        *ptrp = ptr;
        ret = cnt;
  out:
-       nilfs_btree_release_path(path);
        nilfs_btree_free_path(path);
        return ret;
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_promote_key(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static void nilfs_btree_promote_key(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                    struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                    int level, __u64 key)
 {
        if (level < nilfs_btree_height(btree) - 1) {
                do {
-                       lock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
                        nilfs_btree_node_set_key(
                                nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node(path, level),
                                path[level].bp_index, key);
                        if (!buffer_dirty(path[level].bp_bh))
                                nilfs_btnode_mark_dirty(path[level].bp_bh);
-                       unlock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
                } while ((path[level].bp_index == 0) &&
                         (++level < nilfs_btree_height(btree) - 1));
        }
@@ -656,20 +726,20 @@ static void nilfs_btree_promote_key(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        }
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_do_insert(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static void nilfs_btree_do_insert(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                  struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                  int level, __u64 *keyp, __u64 *ptrp)
 {
        struct nilfs_btree_node *node;
+       int ncblk;
 
        if (level < nilfs_btree_height(btree) - 1) {
-               lock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
                node = nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node(path, level);
-               nilfs_btree_node_insert(btree, node, *keyp, *ptrp,
-                                       path[level].bp_index);
+               ncblk = nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(btree);
+               nilfs_btree_node_insert(node, path[level].bp_index,
+                                       *keyp, *ptrp, ncblk);
                if (!buffer_dirty(path[level].bp_bh))
                        nilfs_btnode_mark_dirty(path[level].bp_bh);
-               unlock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
 
                if (path[level].bp_index == 0)
                        nilfs_btree_promote_key(btree, path, level + 1,
@@ -677,25 +747,24 @@ static void nilfs_btree_do_insert(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
                                                                         0));
        } else {
                node = nilfs_btree_get_root(btree);
-               nilfs_btree_node_insert(btree, node, *keyp, *ptrp,
-                                       path[level].bp_index);
+               nilfs_btree_node_insert(node, path[level].bp_index,
+                                       *keyp, *ptrp,
+                                       NILFS_BTREE_ROOT_NCHILDREN_MAX);
        }
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_carry_left(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static void nilfs_btree_carry_left(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                   struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                   int level, __u64 *keyp, __u64 *ptrp)
 {
        struct nilfs_btree_node *node, *left;
-       int nchildren, lnchildren, n, move;
-
-       lock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
-       lock_buffer(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
+       int nchildren, lnchildren, n, move, ncblk;
 
        node = nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node(path, level);
        left = nilfs_btree_get_sib_node(path, level);
        nchildren = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(node);
        lnchildren = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(left);
+       ncblk = nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(btree);
        move = 0;
 
        n = (nchildren + lnchildren + 1) / 2 - lnchildren;
@@ -705,16 +774,13 @@ static void nilfs_btree_carry_left(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
                move = 1;
        }
 
-       nilfs_btree_node_move_left(btree, left, node, n);
+       nilfs_btree_node_move_left(left, node, n, ncblk, ncblk);
 
        if (!buffer_dirty(path[level].bp_bh))
                nilfs_btnode_mark_dirty(path[level].bp_bh);
        if (!buffer_dirty(path[level].bp_sib_bh))
                nilfs_btnode_mark_dirty(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
 
-       unlock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
-       unlock_buffer(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
-
        nilfs_btree_promote_key(btree, path, level + 1,
                                nilfs_btree_node_get_key(node, 0));
 
@@ -733,20 +799,18 @@ static void nilfs_btree_carry_left(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        nilfs_btree_do_insert(btree, path, level, keyp, ptrp);
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_carry_right(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static void nilfs_btree_carry_right(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                    struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                    int level, __u64 *keyp, __u64 *ptrp)
 {
        struct nilfs_btree_node *node, *right;
-       int nchildren, rnchildren, n, move;
-
-       lock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
-       lock_buffer(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
+       int nchildren, rnchildren, n, move, ncblk;
 
        node = nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node(path, level);
        right = nilfs_btree_get_sib_node(path, level);
        nchildren = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(node);
        rnchildren = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(right);
+       ncblk = nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(btree);
        move = 0;
 
        n = (nchildren + rnchildren + 1) / 2 - rnchildren;
@@ -756,16 +820,13 @@ static void nilfs_btree_carry_right(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
                move = 1;
        }
 
-       nilfs_btree_node_move_right(btree, node, right, n);
+       nilfs_btree_node_move_right(node, right, n, ncblk, ncblk);
 
        if (!buffer_dirty(path[level].bp_bh))
                nilfs_btnode_mark_dirty(path[level].bp_bh);
        if (!buffer_dirty(path[level].bp_sib_bh))
                nilfs_btnode_mark_dirty(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
 
-       unlock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
-       unlock_buffer(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
-
        path[level + 1].bp_index++;
        nilfs_btree_promote_key(btree, path, level + 1,
                                nilfs_btree_node_get_key(right, 0));
@@ -785,21 +846,19 @@ static void nilfs_btree_carry_right(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        nilfs_btree_do_insert(btree, path, level, keyp, ptrp);
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_split(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static void nilfs_btree_split(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                              struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                              int level, __u64 *keyp, __u64 *ptrp)
 {
        struct nilfs_btree_node *node, *right;
        __u64 newkey;
        __u64 newptr;
-       int nchildren, n, move;
-
-       lock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
-       lock_buffer(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
+       int nchildren, n, move, ncblk;
 
        node = nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node(path, level);
        right = nilfs_btree_get_sib_node(path, level);
        nchildren = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(node);
+       ncblk = nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(btree);
        move = 0;
 
        n = (nchildren + 1) / 2;
@@ -808,23 +867,20 @@ static void nilfs_btree_split(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
                move = 1;
        }
 
-       nilfs_btree_node_move_right(btree, node, right, n);
+       nilfs_btree_node_move_right(node, right, n, ncblk, ncblk);
 
        if (!buffer_dirty(path[level].bp_bh))
                nilfs_btnode_mark_dirty(path[level].bp_bh);
        if (!buffer_dirty(path[level].bp_sib_bh))
                nilfs_btnode_mark_dirty(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
 
-       unlock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
-       unlock_buffer(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
-
        newkey = nilfs_btree_node_get_key(right, 0);
        newptr = path[level].bp_newreq.bpr_ptr;
 
        if (move) {
                path[level].bp_index -= nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(node);
-               nilfs_btree_node_insert(btree, right, *keyp, *ptrp,
-                                       path[level].bp_index);
+               nilfs_btree_node_insert(right, path[level].bp_index,
+                                       *keyp, *ptrp, ncblk);
 
                *keyp = nilfs_btree_node_get_key(right, 0);
                *ptrp = path[level].bp_newreq.bpr_ptr;
@@ -845,28 +901,26 @@ static void nilfs_btree_split(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        path[level + 1].bp_index++;
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_grow(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static void nilfs_btree_grow(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                             struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                             int level, __u64 *keyp, __u64 *ptrp)
 {
        struct nilfs_btree_node *root, *child;
-       int n;
-
-       lock_buffer(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
+       int n, ncblk;
 
        root = nilfs_btree_get_root(btree);
        child = nilfs_btree_get_sib_node(path, level);
+       ncblk = nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(btree);
 
        n = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(root);
 
-       nilfs_btree_node_move_right(btree, root, child, n);
+       nilfs_btree_node_move_right(root, child, n,
+                                   NILFS_BTREE_ROOT_NCHILDREN_MAX, ncblk);
        nilfs_btree_node_set_level(root, level + 1);
 
        if (!buffer_dirty(path[level].bp_sib_bh))
                nilfs_btnode_mark_dirty(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
 
-       unlock_buffer(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
-
        path[level].bp_bh = path[level].bp_sib_bh;
        path[level].bp_sib_bh = NULL;
 
@@ -876,11 +930,11 @@ static void nilfs_btree_grow(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        *ptrp = path[level].bp_newreq.bpr_ptr;
 }
 
-static __u64 nilfs_btree_find_near(const struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static __u64 nilfs_btree_find_near(const struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                   const struct nilfs_btree_path *path)
 {
        struct nilfs_btree_node *node;
-       int level;
+       int level, ncmax;
 
        if (path == NULL)
                return NILFS_BMAP_INVALID_PTR;
@@ -888,29 +942,30 @@ static __u64 nilfs_btree_find_near(const struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        /* left sibling */
        level = NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_NODE_MIN;
        if (path[level].bp_index > 0) {
-               node = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level);
-               return nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, node,
-                                               path[level].bp_index - 1);
+               node = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level, &ncmax);
+               return nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(node,
+                                               path[level].bp_index - 1,
+                                               ncmax);
        }
 
        /* parent */
        level = NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_NODE_MIN + 1;
        if (level <= nilfs_btree_height(btree) - 1) {
-               node = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level);
-               return nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, node,
-                                               path[level].bp_index);
+               node = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level, &ncmax);
+               return nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(node, path[level].bp_index,
+                                               ncmax);
        }
 
        return NILFS_BMAP_INVALID_PTR;
 }
 
-static __u64 nilfs_btree_find_target_v(const struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static __u64 nilfs_btree_find_target_v(const struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                       const struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                       __u64 key)
 {
        __u64 ptr;
 
-       ptr = nilfs_bmap_find_target_seq(&btree->bt_bmap, key);
+       ptr = nilfs_bmap_find_target_seq(btree, key);
        if (ptr != NILFS_BMAP_INVALID_PTR)
                /* sequential access */
                return ptr;
@@ -921,17 +976,10 @@ static __u64 nilfs_btree_find_target_v(const struct nilfs_btree *btree,
                        return ptr;
        }
        /* block group */
-       return nilfs_bmap_find_target_in_group(&btree->bt_bmap);
+       return nilfs_bmap_find_target_in_group(btree);
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_set_target_v(struct nilfs_btree *btree, __u64 key,
-                                    __u64 ptr)
-{
-       btree->bt_bmap.b_last_allocated_key = key;
-       btree->bt_bmap.b_last_allocated_ptr = ptr;
-}
-
-static int nilfs_btree_prepare_insert(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static int nilfs_btree_prepare_insert(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                      struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                      int *levelp, __u64 key, __u64 ptr,
                                      struct nilfs_bmap_stats *stats)
@@ -939,79 +987,78 @@ static int nilfs_btree_prepare_insert(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        struct buffer_head *bh;
        struct nilfs_btree_node *node, *parent, *sib;
        __u64 sibptr;
-       int pindex, level, ret;
+       int pindex, level, ncmax, ncblk, ret;
        struct inode *dat = NULL;
 
        stats->bs_nblocks = 0;
        level = NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_DATA;
 
        /* allocate a new ptr for data block */
-       if (NILFS_BMAP_USE_VBN(&btree->bt_bmap)) {
+       if (NILFS_BMAP_USE_VBN(btree)) {
                path[level].bp_newreq.bpr_ptr =
                        nilfs_btree_find_target_v(btree, path, key);
-               dat = nilfs_bmap_get_dat(&btree->bt_bmap);
+               dat = nilfs_bmap_get_dat(btree);
        }
 
-       ret = nilfs_bmap_prepare_alloc_ptr(&btree->bt_bmap,
-                                          &path[level].bp_newreq, dat);
+       ret = nilfs_bmap_prepare_alloc_ptr(btree, &path[level].bp_newreq, dat);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto err_out_data;
 
+       ncblk = nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(btree);
+
        for (level = NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_NODE_MIN;
             level < nilfs_btree_height(btree) - 1;
             level++) {
                node = nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node(path, level);
-               if (nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(node) <
-                   nilfs_btree_node_nchildren_max(node, btree)) {
+               if (nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(node) < ncblk) {
                        path[level].bp_op = nilfs_btree_do_insert;
                        stats->bs_nblocks++;
                        goto out;
                }
 
-               parent = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level + 1);
+               parent = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level + 1, &ncmax);
                pindex = path[level + 1].bp_index;
 
                /* left sibling */
                if (pindex > 0) {
-                       sibptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, parent,
-                                                         pindex - 1);
+                       sibptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(parent, pindex - 1,
+                                                         ncmax);
                        ret = nilfs_btree_get_block(btree, sibptr, &bh);
                        if (ret < 0)
                                goto err_out_child_node;
                        sib = (struct nilfs_btree_node *)bh->b_data;
-                       if (nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(sib) <
-                           nilfs_btree_node_nchildren_max(sib, btree)) {
+                       if (nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(sib) < ncblk) {
                                path[level].bp_sib_bh = bh;
                                path[level].bp_op = nilfs_btree_carry_left;
                                stats->bs_nblocks++;
                                goto out;
-                       } else
+                       } else {
                                brelse(bh);
+                       }
                }
 
                /* right sibling */
-               if (pindex <
-                   nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(parent) - 1) {
-                       sibptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, parent,
-                                                         pindex + 1);
+               if (pindex < nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(parent) - 1) {
+                       sibptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(parent, pindex + 1,
+                                                         ncmax);
                        ret = nilfs_btree_get_block(btree, sibptr, &bh);
                        if (ret < 0)
                                goto err_out_child_node;
                        sib = (struct nilfs_btree_node *)bh->b_data;
-                       if (nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(sib) <
-                           nilfs_btree_node_nchildren_max(sib, btree)) {
+                       if (nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(sib) < ncblk) {
                                path[level].bp_sib_bh = bh;
                                path[level].bp_op = nilfs_btree_carry_right;
                                stats->bs_nblocks++;
                                goto out;
-                       } else
+                       } else {
                                brelse(bh);
+                       }
                }
 
                /* split */
                path[level].bp_newreq.bpr_ptr =
                        path[level - 1].bp_newreq.bpr_ptr + 1;
-               ret = nilfs_bmap_prepare_alloc_ptr(&btree->bt_bmap,
+               ret = nilfs_bmap_prepare_alloc_ptr(btree,
                                                   &path[level].bp_newreq, dat);
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto err_out_child_node;
@@ -1023,11 +1070,8 @@ static int nilfs_btree_prepare_insert(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
 
                stats->bs_nblocks++;
 
-               lock_buffer(bh);
-               nilfs_btree_node_init(btree,
-                                     (struct nilfs_btree_node *)bh->b_data,
-                                     0, level, 0, NULL, NULL);
-               unlock_buffer(bh);
+               sib = (struct nilfs_btree_node *)bh->b_data;
+               nilfs_btree_node_init(sib, 0, level, 0, ncblk, NULL, NULL);
                path[level].bp_sib_bh = bh;
                path[level].bp_op = nilfs_btree_split;
        }
@@ -1035,7 +1079,7 @@ static int nilfs_btree_prepare_insert(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        /* root */
        node = nilfs_btree_get_root(btree);
        if (nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(node) <
-           nilfs_btree_node_nchildren_max(node, btree)) {
+           NILFS_BTREE_ROOT_NCHILDREN_MAX) {
                path[level].bp_op = nilfs_btree_do_insert;
                stats->bs_nblocks++;
                goto out;
@@ -1043,8 +1087,7 @@ static int nilfs_btree_prepare_insert(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
 
        /* grow */
        path[level].bp_newreq.bpr_ptr = path[level - 1].bp_newreq.bpr_ptr + 1;
-       ret = nilfs_bmap_prepare_alloc_ptr(&btree->bt_bmap,
-                                          &path[level].bp_newreq, dat);
+       ret = nilfs_bmap_prepare_alloc_ptr(btree, &path[level].bp_newreq, dat);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto err_out_child_node;
        ret = nilfs_btree_get_new_block(btree, path[level].bp_newreq.bpr_ptr,
@@ -1052,10 +1095,8 @@ static int nilfs_btree_prepare_insert(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        if (ret < 0)
                goto err_out_curr_node;
 
-       lock_buffer(bh);
-       nilfs_btree_node_init(btree, (struct nilfs_btree_node *)bh->b_data,
-                             0, level, 0, NULL, NULL);
-       unlock_buffer(bh);
+       nilfs_btree_node_init((struct nilfs_btree_node *)bh->b_data,
+                             0, level, 0, ncblk, NULL, NULL);
        path[level].bp_sib_bh = bh;
        path[level].bp_op = nilfs_btree_grow;
 
@@ -1072,25 +1113,22 @@ static int nilfs_btree_prepare_insert(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
 
        /* error */
  err_out_curr_node:
-       nilfs_bmap_abort_alloc_ptr(&btree->bt_bmap, &path[level].bp_newreq,
-                                  dat);
+       nilfs_bmap_abort_alloc_ptr(btree, &path[level].bp_newreq, dat);
  err_out_child_node:
        for (level--; level > NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_DATA; level--) {
                nilfs_btnode_delete(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
-               nilfs_bmap_abort_alloc_ptr(&btree->bt_bmap,
-                                          &path[level].bp_newreq, dat);
+               nilfs_bmap_abort_alloc_ptr(btree, &path[level].bp_newreq, dat);
 
        }
 
-       nilfs_bmap_abort_alloc_ptr(&btree->bt_bmap, &path[level].bp_newreq,
-                                  dat);
+       nilfs_bmap_abort_alloc_ptr(btree, &path[level].bp_newreq, dat);
  err_out_data:
        *levelp = level;
        stats->bs_nblocks = 0;
        return ret;
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_commit_insert(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static void nilfs_btree_commit_insert(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                      struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                      int maxlevel, __u64 key, __u64 ptr)
 {
@@ -1099,36 +1137,33 @@ static void nilfs_btree_commit_insert(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
 
        set_buffer_nilfs_volatile((struct buffer_head *)((unsigned long)ptr));
        ptr = path[NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_DATA].bp_newreq.bpr_ptr;
-       if (NILFS_BMAP_USE_VBN(&btree->bt_bmap)) {
-               nilfs_btree_set_target_v(btree, key, ptr);
-               dat = nilfs_bmap_get_dat(&btree->bt_bmap);
+       if (NILFS_BMAP_USE_VBN(btree)) {
+               nilfs_bmap_set_target_v(btree, key, ptr);
+               dat = nilfs_bmap_get_dat(btree);
        }
 
        for (level = NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_NODE_MIN; level <= maxlevel; level++) {
-               nilfs_bmap_commit_alloc_ptr(&btree->bt_bmap,
+               nilfs_bmap_commit_alloc_ptr(btree,
                                            &path[level - 1].bp_newreq, dat);
                path[level].bp_op(btree, path, level, &key, &ptr);
        }
 
-       if (!nilfs_bmap_dirty(&btree->bt_bmap))
-               nilfs_bmap_set_dirty(&btree->bt_bmap);
+       if (!nilfs_bmap_dirty(btree))
+               nilfs_bmap_set_dirty(btree);
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_insert(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap, __u64 key, __u64 ptr)
+static int nilfs_btree_insert(struct nilfs_bmap *btree, __u64 key, __u64 ptr)
 {
-       struct nilfs_btree *btree;
        struct nilfs_btree_path *path;
        struct nilfs_bmap_stats stats;
        int level, ret;
 
-       btree = (struct nilfs_btree *)bmap;
        path = nilfs_btree_alloc_path();
        if (path == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
-       nilfs_btree_init_path(path);
 
        ret = nilfs_btree_do_lookup(btree, path, key, NULL,
-                                   NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_NODE_MIN);
+                                   NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_NODE_MIN, 0);
        if (ret != -ENOENT) {
                if (ret == 0)
                        ret = -EEXIST;
@@ -1139,67 +1174,62 @@ static int nilfs_btree_insert(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap, __u64 key, __u64 ptr)
        if (ret < 0)
                goto out;
        nilfs_btree_commit_insert(btree, path, level, key, ptr);
-       nilfs_bmap_add_blocks(bmap, stats.bs_nblocks);
+       nilfs_bmap_add_blocks(btree, stats.bs_nblocks);
 
  out:
-       nilfs_btree_release_path(path);
        nilfs_btree_free_path(path);
        return ret;
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_do_delete(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static void nilfs_btree_do_delete(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                  struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                  int level, __u64 *keyp, __u64 *ptrp)
 {
        struct nilfs_btree_node *node;
+       int ncblk;
 
        if (level < nilfs_btree_height(btree) - 1) {
-               lock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
                node = nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node(path, level);
-               nilfs_btree_node_delete(btree, node, keyp, ptrp,
-                                       path[level].bp_index);
+               ncblk = nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(btree);
+               nilfs_btree_node_delete(node, path[level].bp_index,
+                                       keyp, ptrp, ncblk);
                if (!buffer_dirty(path[level].bp_bh))
                        nilfs_btnode_mark_dirty(path[level].bp_bh);
-               unlock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
                if (path[level].bp_index == 0)
                        nilfs_btree_promote_key(btree, path, level + 1,
                                nilfs_btree_node_get_key(node, 0));
        } else {
                node = nilfs_btree_get_root(btree);
-               nilfs_btree_node_delete(btree, node, keyp, ptrp,
-                                       path[level].bp_index);
+               nilfs_btree_node_delete(node, path[level].bp_index,
+                                       keyp, ptrp,
+                                       NILFS_BTREE_ROOT_NCHILDREN_MAX);
        }
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_borrow_left(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static void nilfs_btree_borrow_left(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                    struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                    int level, __u64 *keyp, __u64 *ptrp)
 {
        struct nilfs_btree_node *node, *left;
-       int nchildren, lnchildren, n;
+       int nchildren, lnchildren, n, ncblk;
 
        nilfs_btree_do_delete(btree, path, level, keyp, ptrp);
 
-       lock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
-       lock_buffer(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
-
        node = nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node(path, level);
        left = nilfs_btree_get_sib_node(path, level);
        nchildren = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(node);
        lnchildren = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(left);
+       ncblk = nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(btree);
 
        n = (nchildren + lnchildren) / 2 - nchildren;
 
-       nilfs_btree_node_move_right(btree, left, node, n);
+       nilfs_btree_node_move_right(left, node, n, ncblk, ncblk);
 
        if (!buffer_dirty(path[level].bp_bh))
                nilfs_btnode_mark_dirty(path[level].bp_bh);
        if (!buffer_dirty(path[level].bp_sib_bh))
                nilfs_btnode_mark_dirty(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
 
-       unlock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
-       unlock_buffer(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
-
        nilfs_btree_promote_key(btree, path, level + 1,
                                nilfs_btree_node_get_key(node, 0));
 
@@ -1208,35 +1238,30 @@ static void nilfs_btree_borrow_left(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        path[level].bp_index += n;
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_borrow_right(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static void nilfs_btree_borrow_right(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                     struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                     int level, __u64 *keyp, __u64 *ptrp)
 {
        struct nilfs_btree_node *node, *right;
-       int nchildren, rnchildren, n;
+       int nchildren, rnchildren, n, ncblk;
 
        nilfs_btree_do_delete(btree, path, level, keyp, ptrp);
 
-       lock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
-       lock_buffer(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
-
        node = nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node(path, level);
        right = nilfs_btree_get_sib_node(path, level);
        nchildren = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(node);
        rnchildren = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(right);
+       ncblk = nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(btree);
 
        n = (nchildren + rnchildren) / 2 - nchildren;
 
-       nilfs_btree_node_move_left(btree, node, right, n);
+       nilfs_btree_node_move_left(node, right, n, ncblk, ncblk);
 
        if (!buffer_dirty(path[level].bp_bh))
                nilfs_btnode_mark_dirty(path[level].bp_bh);
        if (!buffer_dirty(path[level].bp_sib_bh))
                nilfs_btnode_mark_dirty(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
 
-       unlock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
-       unlock_buffer(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
-
        path[level + 1].bp_index++;
        nilfs_btree_promote_key(btree, path, level + 1,
                                nilfs_btree_node_get_key(right, 0));
@@ -1246,92 +1271,83 @@ static void nilfs_btree_borrow_right(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        path[level].bp_sib_bh = NULL;
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_concat_left(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static void nilfs_btree_concat_left(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                    struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                    int level, __u64 *keyp, __u64 *ptrp)
 {
        struct nilfs_btree_node *node, *left;
-       int n;
+       int n, ncblk;
 
        nilfs_btree_do_delete(btree, path, level, keyp, ptrp);
 
-       lock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
-       lock_buffer(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
-
        node = nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node(path, level);
        left = nilfs_btree_get_sib_node(path, level);
+       ncblk = nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(btree);
 
        n = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(node);
 
-       nilfs_btree_node_move_left(btree, left, node, n);
+       nilfs_btree_node_move_left(left, node, n, ncblk, ncblk);
 
        if (!buffer_dirty(path[level].bp_sib_bh))
                nilfs_btnode_mark_dirty(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
 
-       unlock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
-       unlock_buffer(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
-
        nilfs_btnode_delete(path[level].bp_bh);
        path[level].bp_bh = path[level].bp_sib_bh;
        path[level].bp_sib_bh = NULL;
        path[level].bp_index += nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(left);
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_concat_right(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static void nilfs_btree_concat_right(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                     struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                     int level, __u64 *keyp, __u64 *ptrp)
 {
        struct nilfs_btree_node *node, *right;
-       int n;
+       int n, ncblk;
 
        nilfs_btree_do_delete(btree, path, level, keyp, ptrp);
 
-       lock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
-       lock_buffer(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
-
        node = nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node(path, level);
        right = nilfs_btree_get_sib_node(path, level);
+       ncblk = nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(btree);
 
        n = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(right);
 
-       nilfs_btree_node_move_left(btree, node, right, n);
+       nilfs_btree_node_move_left(node, right, n, ncblk, ncblk);
 
        if (!buffer_dirty(path[level].bp_bh))
                nilfs_btnode_mark_dirty(path[level].bp_bh);
 
-       unlock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
-       unlock_buffer(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
-
        nilfs_btnode_delete(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
        path[level].bp_sib_bh = NULL;
        path[level + 1].bp_index++;
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_shrink(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static void nilfs_btree_shrink(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                               struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                               int level, __u64 *keyp, __u64 *ptrp)
 {
        struct nilfs_btree_node *root, *child;
-       int n;
+       int n, ncblk;
 
        nilfs_btree_do_delete(btree, path, level, keyp, ptrp);
 
-       lock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
        root = nilfs_btree_get_root(btree);
        child = nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node(path, level);
+       ncblk = nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(btree);
 
-       nilfs_btree_node_delete(btree, root, NULL, NULL, 0);
+       nilfs_btree_node_delete(root, 0, NULL, NULL,
+                               NILFS_BTREE_ROOT_NCHILDREN_MAX);
        nilfs_btree_node_set_level(root, level);
        n = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(child);
-       nilfs_btree_node_move_left(btree, root, child, n);
-       unlock_buffer(path[level].bp_bh);
+       nilfs_btree_node_move_left(root, child, n,
+                                  NILFS_BTREE_ROOT_NCHILDREN_MAX, ncblk);
 
        nilfs_btnode_delete(path[level].bp_bh);
        path[level].bp_bh = NULL;
 }
 
 
-static int nilfs_btree_prepare_delete(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static int nilfs_btree_prepare_delete(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                      struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                      int *levelp,
                                      struct nilfs_bmap_stats *stats,
@@ -1340,42 +1356,43 @@ static int nilfs_btree_prepare_delete(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        struct buffer_head *bh;
        struct nilfs_btree_node *node, *parent, *sib;
        __u64 sibptr;
-       int pindex, level, ret;
+       int pindex, level, ncmin, ncmax, ncblk, ret;
 
        ret = 0;
        stats->bs_nblocks = 0;
+       ncmin = NILFS_BTREE_NODE_NCHILDREN_MIN(nilfs_btree_node_size(btree));
+       ncblk = nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(btree);
+
        for (level = NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_NODE_MIN;
             level < nilfs_btree_height(btree) - 1;
             level++) {
                node = nilfs_btree_get_nonroot_node(path, level);
                path[level].bp_oldreq.bpr_ptr =
-                       nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, node,
-                                                path[level].bp_index);
-               ret = nilfs_bmap_prepare_end_ptr(&btree->bt_bmap,
+                       nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(node, path[level].bp_index,
+                                                ncblk);
+               ret = nilfs_bmap_prepare_end_ptr(btree,
                                                 &path[level].bp_oldreq, dat);
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto err_out_child_node;
 
-               if (nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(node) >
-                   nilfs_btree_node_nchildren_min(node, btree)) {
+               if (nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(node) > ncmin) {
                        path[level].bp_op = nilfs_btree_do_delete;
                        stats->bs_nblocks++;
                        goto out;
                }
 
-               parent = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level + 1);
+               parent = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level + 1, &ncmax);
                pindex = path[level + 1].bp_index;
 
                if (pindex > 0) {
                        /* left sibling */
-                       sibptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, parent,
-                                                         pindex - 1);
+                       sibptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(parent, pindex - 1,
+                                                         ncmax);
                        ret = nilfs_btree_get_block(btree, sibptr, &bh);
                        if (ret < 0)
                                goto err_out_curr_node;
                        sib = (struct nilfs_btree_node *)bh->b_data;
-                       if (nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(sib) >
-                           nilfs_btree_node_nchildren_min(sib, btree)) {
+                       if (nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(sib) > ncmin) {
                                path[level].bp_sib_bh = bh;
                                path[level].bp_op = nilfs_btree_borrow_left;
                                stats->bs_nblocks++;
@@ -1389,14 +1406,13 @@ static int nilfs_btree_prepare_delete(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
                } else if (pindex <
                           nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(parent) - 1) {
                        /* right sibling */
-                       sibptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, parent,
-                                                         pindex + 1);
+                       sibptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(parent, pindex + 1,
+                                                         ncmax);
                        ret = nilfs_btree_get_block(btree, sibptr, &bh);
                        if (ret < 0)
                                goto err_out_curr_node;
                        sib = (struct nilfs_btree_node *)bh->b_data;
-                       if (nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(sib) >
-                           nilfs_btree_node_nchildren_min(sib, btree)) {
+                       if (nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(sib) > ncmin) {
                                path[level].bp_sib_bh = bh;
                                path[level].bp_op = nilfs_btree_borrow_right;
                                stats->bs_nblocks++;
@@ -1427,10 +1443,10 @@ static int nilfs_btree_prepare_delete(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
 
        node = nilfs_btree_get_root(btree);
        path[level].bp_oldreq.bpr_ptr =
-               nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, node, path[level].bp_index);
+               nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(node, path[level].bp_index,
+                                        NILFS_BTREE_ROOT_NCHILDREN_MAX);
 
-       ret = nilfs_bmap_prepare_end_ptr(&btree->bt_bmap,
-                                        &path[level].bp_oldreq, dat);
+       ret = nilfs_bmap_prepare_end_ptr(btree, &path[level].bp_oldreq, dat);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto err_out_child_node;
 
@@ -1445,99 +1461,87 @@ static int nilfs_btree_prepare_delete(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
 
        /* error */
  err_out_curr_node:
-       nilfs_bmap_abort_end_ptr(&btree->bt_bmap, &path[level].bp_oldreq, dat);
+       nilfs_bmap_abort_end_ptr(btree, &path[level].bp_oldreq, dat);
  err_out_child_node:
        for (level--; level >= NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_NODE_MIN; level--) {
                brelse(path[level].bp_sib_bh);
-               nilfs_bmap_abort_end_ptr(&btree->bt_bmap,
-                                        &path[level].bp_oldreq, dat);
+               nilfs_bmap_abort_end_ptr(btree, &path[level].bp_oldreq, dat);
        }
        *levelp = level;
        stats->bs_nblocks = 0;
        return ret;
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_commit_delete(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static void nilfs_btree_commit_delete(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                      struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                      int maxlevel, struct inode *dat)
 {
        int level;
 
        for (level = NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_NODE_MIN; level <= maxlevel; level++) {
-               nilfs_bmap_commit_end_ptr(&btree->bt_bmap,
-                                         &path[level].bp_oldreq, dat);
+               nilfs_bmap_commit_end_ptr(btree, &path[level].bp_oldreq, dat);
                path[level].bp_op(btree, path, level, NULL, NULL);
        }
 
-       if (!nilfs_bmap_dirty(&btree->bt_bmap))
-               nilfs_bmap_set_dirty(&btree->bt_bmap);
+       if (!nilfs_bmap_dirty(btree))
+               nilfs_bmap_set_dirty(btree);
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_delete(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap, __u64 key)
+static int nilfs_btree_delete(struct nilfs_bmap *btree, __u64 key)
 
 {
-       struct nilfs_btree *btree;
        struct nilfs_btree_path *path;
        struct nilfs_bmap_stats stats;
        struct inode *dat;
        int level, ret;
 
-       btree = (struct nilfs_btree *)bmap;
        path = nilfs_btree_alloc_path();
        if (path == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
-       nilfs_btree_init_path(path);
+
        ret = nilfs_btree_do_lookup(btree, path, key, NULL,
-                                   NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_NODE_MIN);
+                                   NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_NODE_MIN, 0);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto out;
 
 
-       dat = NILFS_BMAP_USE_VBN(&btree->bt_bmap) ?
-               nilfs_bmap_get_dat(&btree->bt_bmap) : NULL;
+       dat = NILFS_BMAP_USE_VBN(btree) ? nilfs_bmap_get_dat(btree) : NULL;
 
        ret = nilfs_btree_prepare_delete(btree, path, &level, &stats, dat);
        if (ret < 0)
                goto out;
        nilfs_btree_commit_delete(btree, path, level, dat);
-       nilfs_bmap_sub_blocks(bmap, stats.bs_nblocks);
+       nilfs_bmap_sub_blocks(btree, stats.bs_nblocks);
 
 out:
-       nilfs_btree_release_path(path);
        nilfs_btree_free_path(path);
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_last_key(const struct nilfs_bmap *bmap, __u64 *keyp)
+static int nilfs_btree_last_key(const struct nilfs_bmap *btree, __u64 *keyp)
 {
-       struct nilfs_btree *btree;
        struct nilfs_btree_path *path;
        int ret;
 
-       btree = (struct nilfs_btree *)bmap;
        path = nilfs_btree_alloc_path();
        if (path == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
-       nilfs_btree_init_path(path);
 
        ret = nilfs_btree_do_lookup_last(btree, path, keyp, NULL);
 
-       nilfs_btree_release_path(path);
        nilfs_btree_free_path(path);
 
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_check_delete(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap, __u64 key)
+static int nilfs_btree_check_delete(struct nilfs_bmap *btree, __u64 key)
 {
        struct buffer_head *bh;
-       struct nilfs_btree *btree;
        struct nilfs_btree_node *root, *node;
        __u64 maxkey, nextmaxkey;
        __u64 ptr;
        int nchildren, ret;
 
-       btree = (struct nilfs_btree *)bmap;
        root = nilfs_btree_get_root(btree);
        switch (nilfs_btree_height(btree)) {
        case 2:
@@ -1548,7 +1552,8 @@ static int nilfs_btree_check_delete(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap, __u64 key)
                nchildren = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(root);
                if (nchildren > 1)
                        return 0;
-               ptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, root, nchildren - 1);
+               ptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(root, nchildren - 1,
+                                              NILFS_BTREE_ROOT_NCHILDREN_MAX);
                ret = nilfs_btree_get_block(btree, ptr, &bh);
                if (ret < 0)
                        return ret;
@@ -1568,32 +1573,33 @@ static int nilfs_btree_check_delete(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap, __u64 key)
        return (maxkey == key) && (nextmaxkey < NILFS_BMAP_LARGE_LOW);
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_gather_data(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
+static int nilfs_btree_gather_data(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                   __u64 *keys, __u64 *ptrs, int nitems)
 {
        struct buffer_head *bh;
-       struct nilfs_btree *btree;
        struct nilfs_btree_node *node, *root;
        __le64 *dkeys;
        __le64 *dptrs;
        __u64 ptr;
-       int nchildren, i, ret;
+       int nchildren, ncmax, i, ret;
 
-       btree = (struct nilfs_btree *)bmap;
        root = nilfs_btree_get_root(btree);
        switch (nilfs_btree_height(btree)) {
        case 2:
                bh = NULL;
                node = root;
+               ncmax = NILFS_BTREE_ROOT_NCHILDREN_MAX;
                break;
        case 3:
                nchildren = nilfs_btree_node_get_nchildren(root);
                WARN_ON(nchildren > 1);
-               ptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, root, nchildren - 1);
+               ptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(root, nchildren - 1,
+                                              NILFS_BTREE_ROOT_NCHILDREN_MAX);
                ret = nilfs_btree_get_block(btree, ptr, &bh);
                if (ret < 0)
                        return ret;
                node = (struct nilfs_btree_node *)bh->b_data;
+               ncmax = nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(btree);
                break;
        default:
                node = NULL;
@@ -1604,10 +1610,10 @@ static int nilfs_btree_gather_data(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
        if (nchildren < nitems)
                nitems = nchildren;
        dkeys = nilfs_btree_node_dkeys(node);
-       dptrs = nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(node, btree);
+       dptrs = nilfs_btree_node_dptrs(node, ncmax);
        for (i = 0; i < nitems; i++) {
-               keys[i] = nilfs_bmap_dkey_to_key(dkeys[i]);
-               ptrs[i] = nilfs_bmap_dptr_to_ptr(dptrs[i]);
+               keys[i] = le64_to_cpu(dkeys[i]);
+               ptrs[i] = le64_to_cpu(dptrs[i]);
        }
 
        if (bh != NULL)
@@ -1617,14 +1623,13 @@ static int nilfs_btree_gather_data(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
 }
 
 static int
-nilfs_btree_prepare_convert_and_insert(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap, __u64 key,
+nilfs_btree_prepare_convert_and_insert(struct nilfs_bmap *btree, __u64 key,
                                       union nilfs_bmap_ptr_req *dreq,
                                       union nilfs_bmap_ptr_req *nreq,
                                       struct buffer_head **bhp,
                                       struct nilfs_bmap_stats *stats)
 {
        struct buffer_head *bh;
-       struct nilfs_btree *btree = (struct nilfs_btree *)bmap;
        struct inode *dat = NULL;
        int ret;
 
@@ -1632,12 +1637,12 @@ nilfs_btree_prepare_convert_and_insert(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap, __u64 key,
 
        /* for data */
        /* cannot find near ptr */
-       if (NILFS_BMAP_USE_VBN(bmap)) {
+       if (NILFS_BMAP_USE_VBN(btree)) {
                dreq->bpr_ptr = nilfs_btree_find_target_v(btree, NULL, key);
-               dat = nilfs_bmap_get_dat(bmap);
+               dat = nilfs_bmap_get_dat(btree);
        }
 
-       ret = nilfs_bmap_prepare_alloc_ptr(bmap, dreq, dat);
+       ret = nilfs_bmap_prepare_alloc_ptr(btree, dreq, dat);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;
 
@@ -1645,7 +1650,7 @@ nilfs_btree_prepare_convert_and_insert(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap, __u64 key,
        stats->bs_nblocks++;
        if (nreq != NULL) {
                nreq->bpr_ptr = dreq->bpr_ptr + 1;
-               ret = nilfs_bmap_prepare_alloc_ptr(bmap, nreq, dat);
+               ret = nilfs_bmap_prepare_alloc_ptr(btree, nreq, dat);
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto err_out_dreq;
 
@@ -1662,16 +1667,16 @@ nilfs_btree_prepare_convert_and_insert(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap, __u64 key,
 
        /* error */
  err_out_nreq:
-       nilfs_bmap_abort_alloc_ptr(bmap, nreq, dat);
+       nilfs_bmap_abort_alloc_ptr(btree, nreq, dat);
  err_out_dreq:
-       nilfs_bmap_abort_alloc_ptr(bmap, dreq, dat);
+       nilfs_bmap_abort_alloc_ptr(btree, dreq, dat);
        stats->bs_nblocks = 0;
        return ret;
 
 }
 
 static void
-nilfs_btree_commit_convert_and_insert(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
+nilfs_btree_commit_convert_and_insert(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                      __u64 key, __u64 ptr,
                                      const __u64 *keys, const __u64 *ptrs,
                                      int n,
@@ -1679,59 +1684,59 @@ nilfs_btree_commit_convert_and_insert(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
                                      union nilfs_bmap_ptr_req *nreq,
                                      struct buffer_head *bh)
 {
-       struct nilfs_btree *btree = (struct nilfs_btree *)bmap;
        struct nilfs_btree_node *node;
        struct inode *dat;
        __u64 tmpptr;
+       int ncblk;
 
        /* free resources */
-       if (bmap->b_ops->bop_clear != NULL)
-               bmap->b_ops->bop_clear(bmap);
+       if (btree->b_ops->bop_clear != NULL)
+               btree->b_ops->bop_clear(btree);
 
        /* ptr must be a pointer to a buffer head. */
        set_buffer_nilfs_volatile((struct buffer_head *)((unsigned long)ptr));
 
        /* convert and insert */
-       dat = NILFS_BMAP_USE_VBN(bmap) ? nilfs_bmap_get_dat(bmap) : NULL;
-       nilfs_btree_init(bmap);
+       dat = NILFS_BMAP_USE_VBN(btree) ? nilfs_bmap_get_dat(btree) : NULL;
+       nilfs_btree_init(btree);
        if (nreq != NULL) {
-               nilfs_bmap_commit_alloc_ptr(bmap, dreq, dat);
-               nilfs_bmap_commit_alloc_ptr(bmap, nreq, dat);
+               nilfs_bmap_commit_alloc_ptr(btree, dreq, dat);
+               nilfs_bmap_commit_alloc_ptr(btree, nreq, dat);
 
                /* create child node at level 1 */
-               lock_buffer(bh);
                node = (struct nilfs_btree_node *)bh->b_data;
-               nilfs_btree_node_init(btree, node, 0, 1, n, keys, ptrs);
-               nilfs_btree_node_insert(btree, node,
-                                       key, dreq->bpr_ptr, n);
+               ncblk = nilfs_btree_nchildren_per_block(btree);
+               nilfs_btree_node_init(node, 0, 1, n, ncblk, keys, ptrs);
+               nilfs_btree_node_insert(node, n, key, dreq->bpr_ptr, ncblk);
                if (!buffer_dirty(bh))
                        nilfs_btnode_mark_dirty(bh);
-               if (!nilfs_bmap_dirty(bmap))
-                       nilfs_bmap_set_dirty(bmap);
+               if (!nilfs_bmap_dirty(btree))
+                       nilfs_bmap_set_dirty(btree);
 
-               unlock_buffer(bh);
                brelse(bh);
 
                /* create root node at level 2 */
                node = nilfs_btree_get_root(btree);
                tmpptr = nreq->bpr_ptr;
-               nilfs_btree_node_init(btree, node, NILFS_BTREE_NODE_ROOT,
-                                     2, 1, &keys[0], &tmpptr);
+               nilfs_btree_node_init(node, NILFS_BTREE_NODE_ROOT, 2, 1,
+                                     NILFS_BTREE_ROOT_NCHILDREN_MAX,
+                                     &keys[0], &tmpptr);
        } else {
-               nilfs_bmap_commit_alloc_ptr(bmap, dreq, dat);
+               nilfs_bmap_commit_alloc_ptr(btree, dreq, dat);
 
                /* create root node at level 1 */
                node = nilfs_btree_get_root(btree);
-               nilfs_btree_node_init(btree, node, NILFS_BTREE_NODE_ROOT,
-                                     1, n, keys, ptrs);
-               nilfs_btree_node_insert(btree, node,
-                                       key, dreq->bpr_ptr, n);
-               if (!nilfs_bmap_dirty(bmap))
-                       nilfs_bmap_set_dirty(bmap);
+               nilfs_btree_node_init(node, NILFS_BTREE_NODE_ROOT, 1, n,
+                                     NILFS_BTREE_ROOT_NCHILDREN_MAX,
+                                     keys, ptrs);
+               nilfs_btree_node_insert(node, n, key, dreq->bpr_ptr,
+                                       NILFS_BTREE_ROOT_NCHILDREN_MAX);
+               if (!nilfs_bmap_dirty(btree))
+                       nilfs_bmap_set_dirty(btree);
        }
 
-       if (NILFS_BMAP_USE_VBN(bmap))
-               nilfs_btree_set_target_v(btree, key, dreq->bpr_ptr);
+       if (NILFS_BMAP_USE_VBN(btree))
+               nilfs_bmap_set_target_v(btree, key, dreq->bpr_ptr);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1743,7 +1748,7 @@ nilfs_btree_commit_convert_and_insert(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
  * @ptrs:
  * @n:
  */
-int nilfs_btree_convert_and_insert(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
+int nilfs_btree_convert_and_insert(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                   __u64 key, __u64 ptr,
                                   const __u64 *keys, const __u64 *ptrs, int n)
 {
@@ -1756,7 +1761,7 @@ int nilfs_btree_convert_and_insert(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
                di = &dreq;
                ni = NULL;
        } else if ((n + 1) <= NILFS_BTREE_NODE_NCHILDREN_MAX(
-                          1 << bmap->b_inode->i_blkbits)) {
+                          1 << btree->b_inode->i_blkbits)) {
                di = &dreq;
                ni = &nreq;
        } else {
@@ -1765,17 +1770,17 @@ int nilfs_btree_convert_and_insert(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
                BUG();
        }
 
-       ret = nilfs_btree_prepare_convert_and_insert(bmap, key, di, ni, &bh,
+       ret = nilfs_btree_prepare_convert_and_insert(btree, key, di, ni, &bh,
                                                     &stats);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;
-       nilfs_btree_commit_convert_and_insert(bmap, key, ptr, keys, ptrs, n,
+       nilfs_btree_commit_convert_and_insert(btree, key, ptr, keys, ptrs, n,
                                              di, ni, bh);
-       nilfs_bmap_add_blocks(bmap, stats.bs_nblocks);
+       nilfs_bmap_add_blocks(btree, stats.bs_nblocks);
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_propagate_p(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static int nilfs_btree_propagate_p(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                   struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                   int level,
                                   struct buffer_head *bh)
@@ -1787,17 +1792,17 @@ static int nilfs_btree_propagate_p(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_prepare_update_v(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static int nilfs_btree_prepare_update_v(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                        struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                        int level, struct inode *dat)
 {
        struct nilfs_btree_node *parent;
-       int ret;
+       int ncmax, ret;
 
-       parent = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level + 1);
+       parent = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level + 1, &ncmax);
        path[level].bp_oldreq.bpr_ptr =
-               nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, parent,
-                                        path[level + 1].bp_index);
+               nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(parent, path[level + 1].bp_index,
+                                        ncmax);
        path[level].bp_newreq.bpr_ptr = path[level].bp_oldreq.bpr_ptr + 1;
        ret = nilfs_dat_prepare_update(dat, &path[level].bp_oldreq.bpr_req,
                                       &path[level].bp_newreq.bpr_req);
@@ -1809,7 +1814,7 @@ static int nilfs_btree_prepare_update_v(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
                path[level].bp_ctxt.newkey = path[level].bp_newreq.bpr_ptr;
                path[level].bp_ctxt.bh = path[level].bp_bh;
                ret = nilfs_btnode_prepare_change_key(
-                       &NILFS_BMAP_I(&btree->bt_bmap)->i_btnode_cache,
+                       &NILFS_BMAP_I(btree)->i_btnode_cache,
                        &path[level].bp_ctxt);
                if (ret < 0) {
                        nilfs_dat_abort_update(dat,
@@ -1822,30 +1827,31 @@ static int nilfs_btree_prepare_update_v(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        return 0;
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_commit_update_v(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static void nilfs_btree_commit_update_v(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                        struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                        int level, struct inode *dat)
 {
        struct nilfs_btree_node *parent;
+       int ncmax;
 
        nilfs_dat_commit_update(dat, &path[level].bp_oldreq.bpr_req,
                                &path[level].bp_newreq.bpr_req,
-                               btree->bt_bmap.b_ptr_type == NILFS_BMAP_PTR_VS);
+                               btree->b_ptr_type == NILFS_BMAP_PTR_VS);
 
        if (buffer_nilfs_node(path[level].bp_bh)) {
                nilfs_btnode_commit_change_key(
-                       &NILFS_BMAP_I(&btree->bt_bmap)->i_btnode_cache,
+                       &NILFS_BMAP_I(btree)->i_btnode_cache,
                        &path[level].bp_ctxt);
                path[level].bp_bh = path[level].bp_ctxt.bh;
        }
        set_buffer_nilfs_volatile(path[level].bp_bh);
 
-       parent = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level + 1);
-       nilfs_btree_node_set_ptr(btree, parent, path[level + 1].bp_index,
-                                path[level].bp_newreq.bpr_ptr);
+       parent = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level + 1, &ncmax);
+       nilfs_btree_node_set_ptr(parent, path[level + 1].bp_index,
+                                path[level].bp_newreq.bpr_ptr, ncmax);
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_abort_update_v(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static void nilfs_btree_abort_update_v(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                       struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                       int level, struct inode *dat)
 {
@@ -1853,11 +1859,11 @@ static void nilfs_btree_abort_update_v(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
                               &path[level].bp_newreq.bpr_req);
        if (buffer_nilfs_node(path[level].bp_bh))
                nilfs_btnode_abort_change_key(
-                       &NILFS_BMAP_I(&btree->bt_bmap)->i_btnode_cache,
+                       &NILFS_BMAP_I(btree)->i_btnode_cache,
                        &path[level].bp_ctxt);
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_prepare_propagate_v(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static int nilfs_btree_prepare_propagate_v(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                           struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                           int minlevel, int *maxlevelp,
                                           struct inode *dat)
@@ -1892,7 +1898,7 @@ static int nilfs_btree_prepare_propagate_v(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        return ret;
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_commit_propagate_v(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static void nilfs_btree_commit_propagate_v(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                           struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                           int minlevel, int maxlevel,
                                           struct buffer_head *bh,
@@ -1907,14 +1913,15 @@ static void nilfs_btree_commit_propagate_v(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
                nilfs_btree_commit_update_v(btree, path, level, dat);
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_propagate_v(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static int nilfs_btree_propagate_v(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                   struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                   int level, struct buffer_head *bh)
 {
-       int maxlevel, ret;
+       int maxlevel = 0, ret;
        struct nilfs_btree_node *parent;
-       struct inode *dat = nilfs_bmap_get_dat(&btree->bt_bmap);
+       struct inode *dat = nilfs_bmap_get_dat(btree);
        __u64 ptr;
+       int ncmax;
 
        get_bh(bh);
        path[level].bp_bh = bh;
@@ -1924,9 +1931,10 @@ static int nilfs_btree_propagate_v(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
                goto out;
 
        if (buffer_nilfs_volatile(path[level].bp_bh)) {
-               parent = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level + 1);
-               ptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, parent,
-                                              path[level + 1].bp_index);
+               parent = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level + 1, &ncmax);
+               ptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(parent,
+                                              path[level + 1].bp_index,
+                                              ncmax);
                ret = nilfs_dat_mark_dirty(dat, ptr);
                if (ret < 0)
                        goto out;
@@ -1940,10 +1948,9 @@ static int nilfs_btree_propagate_v(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_propagate(const struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
+static int nilfs_btree_propagate(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                 struct buffer_head *bh)
 {
-       struct nilfs_btree *btree;
        struct nilfs_btree_path *path;
        struct nilfs_btree_node *node;
        __u64 key;
@@ -1951,22 +1958,20 @@ static int nilfs_btree_propagate(const struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
 
        WARN_ON(!buffer_dirty(bh));
 
-       btree = (struct nilfs_btree *)bmap;
        path = nilfs_btree_alloc_path();
        if (path == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
-       nilfs_btree_init_path(path);
 
        if (buffer_nilfs_node(bh)) {
                node = (struct nilfs_btree_node *)bh->b_data;
                key = nilfs_btree_node_get_key(node, 0);
                level = nilfs_btree_node_get_level(node);
        } else {
-               key = nilfs_bmap_data_get_key(bmap, bh);
+               key = nilfs_bmap_data_get_key(btree, bh);
                level = NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_DATA;
        }
 
-       ret = nilfs_btree_do_lookup(btree, path, key, NULL, level + 1);
+       ret = nilfs_btree_do_lookup(btree, path, key, NULL, level + 1, 0);
        if (ret < 0) {
                if (unlikely(ret == -ENOENT))
                        printk(KERN_CRIT "%s: key = %llu, level == %d\n",
@@ -1974,24 +1979,23 @@ static int nilfs_btree_propagate(const struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
                goto out;
        }
 
-       ret = NILFS_BMAP_USE_VBN(bmap) ?
+       ret = NILFS_BMAP_USE_VBN(btree) ?
                nilfs_btree_propagate_v(btree, path, level, bh) :
                nilfs_btree_propagate_p(btree, path, level, bh);
 
  out:
-       nilfs_btree_release_path(path);
        nilfs_btree_free_path(path);
 
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_propagate_gc(const struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
+static int nilfs_btree_propagate_gc(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                    struct buffer_head *bh)
 {
-       return nilfs_dat_mark_dirty(nilfs_bmap_get_dat(bmap), bh->b_blocknr);
+       return nilfs_dat_mark_dirty(nilfs_bmap_get_dat(btree), bh->b_blocknr);
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_add_dirty_buffer(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static void nilfs_btree_add_dirty_buffer(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                         struct list_head *lists,
                                         struct buffer_head *bh)
 {
@@ -2005,6 +2009,18 @@ static void nilfs_btree_add_dirty_buffer(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        node = (struct nilfs_btree_node *)bh->b_data;
        key = nilfs_btree_node_get_key(node, 0);
        level = nilfs_btree_node_get_level(node);
+       if (level < NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_NODE_MIN ||
+           level >= NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_MAX) {
+               dump_stack();
+               printk(KERN_WARNING
+                      "%s: invalid btree level: %d (key=%llu, ino=%lu, "
+                      "blocknr=%llu)\n",
+                      __func__, level, (unsigned long long)key,
+                      NILFS_BMAP_I(btree)->vfs_inode.i_ino,
+                      (unsigned long long)bh->b_blocknr);
+               return;
+       }
+
        list_for_each(head, &lists[level]) {
                cbh = list_entry(head, struct buffer_head, b_assoc_buffers);
                cnode = (struct nilfs_btree_node *)cbh->b_data;
@@ -2015,11 +2031,10 @@ static void nilfs_btree_add_dirty_buffer(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        list_add_tail(&bh->b_assoc_buffers, head);
 }
 
-static void nilfs_btree_lookup_dirty_buffers(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
+static void nilfs_btree_lookup_dirty_buffers(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                             struct list_head *listp)
 {
-       struct nilfs_btree *btree = (struct nilfs_btree *)bmap;
-       struct address_space *btcache = &NILFS_BMAP_I(bmap)->i_btnode_cache;
+       struct address_space *btcache = &NILFS_BMAP_I(btree)->i_btnode_cache;
        struct list_head lists[NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_MAX];
        struct pagevec pvec;
        struct buffer_head *bh, *head;
@@ -2050,10 +2065,10 @@ static void nilfs_btree_lookup_dirty_buffers(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
        for (level = NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_NODE_MIN;
             level < NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_MAX;
             level++)
-               list_splice(&lists[level], listp->prev);
+               list_splice_tail(&lists[level], listp);
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_assign_p(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static int nilfs_btree_assign_p(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                int level,
                                struct buffer_head **bh,
@@ -2063,38 +2078,38 @@ static int nilfs_btree_assign_p(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
        struct nilfs_btree_node *parent;
        __u64 key;
        __u64 ptr;
-       int ret;
+       int ncmax, ret;
 
-       parent = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level + 1);
-       ptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, parent,
-                                      path[level + 1].bp_index);
+       parent = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level + 1, &ncmax);
+       ptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(parent, path[level + 1].bp_index,
+                                      ncmax);
        if (buffer_nilfs_node(*bh)) {
                path[level].bp_ctxt.oldkey = ptr;
                path[level].bp_ctxt.newkey = blocknr;
                path[level].bp_ctxt.bh = *bh;
                ret = nilfs_btnode_prepare_change_key(
-                       &NILFS_BMAP_I(&btree->bt_bmap)->i_btnode_cache,
+                       &NILFS_BMAP_I(btree)->i_btnode_cache,
                        &path[level].bp_ctxt);
                if (ret < 0)
                        return ret;
                nilfs_btnode_commit_change_key(
-                       &NILFS_BMAP_I(&btree->bt_bmap)->i_btnode_cache,
+                       &NILFS_BMAP_I(btree)->i_btnode_cache,
                        &path[level].bp_ctxt);
                *bh = path[level].bp_ctxt.bh;
        }
 
-       nilfs_btree_node_set_ptr(btree, parent,
-                                path[level + 1].bp_index, blocknr);
+       nilfs_btree_node_set_ptr(parent, path[level + 1].bp_index, blocknr,
+                                ncmax);
 
        key = nilfs_btree_node_get_key(parent, path[level + 1].bp_index);
        /* on-disk format */
-       binfo->bi_dat.bi_blkoff = nilfs_bmap_key_to_dkey(key);
+       binfo->bi_dat.bi_blkoff = cpu_to_le64(key);
        binfo->bi_dat.bi_level = level;
 
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_assign_v(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
+static int nilfs_btree_assign_v(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                struct nilfs_btree_path *path,
                                int level,
                                struct buffer_head **bh,
@@ -2102,15 +2117,15 @@ static int nilfs_btree_assign_v(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
                                union nilfs_binfo *binfo)
 {
        struct nilfs_btree_node *parent;
-       struct inode *dat = nilfs_bmap_get_dat(&btree->bt_bmap);
+       struct inode *dat = nilfs_bmap_get_dat(btree);
        __u64 key;
        __u64 ptr;
        union nilfs_bmap_ptr_req req;
-       int ret;
+       int ncmax, ret;
 
-       parent = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level + 1);
-       ptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(btree, parent,
-                                      path[level + 1].bp_index);
+       parent = nilfs_btree_get_node(btree, path, level + 1, &ncmax);
+       ptr = nilfs_btree_node_get_ptr(parent, path[level + 1].bp_index,
+                                      ncmax);
        req.bpr_ptr = ptr;
        ret = nilfs_dat_prepare_start(dat, &req.bpr_req);
        if (ret < 0)
@@ -2119,56 +2134,52 @@ static int nilfs_btree_assign_v(struct nilfs_btree *btree,
 
        key = nilfs_btree_node_get_key(parent, path[level + 1].bp_index);
        /* on-disk format */
-       binfo->bi_v.bi_vblocknr = nilfs_bmap_ptr_to_dptr(ptr);
-       binfo->bi_v.bi_blkoff = nilfs_bmap_key_to_dkey(key);
+       binfo->bi_v.bi_vblocknr = cpu_to_le64(ptr);
+       binfo->bi_v.bi_blkoff = cpu_to_le64(key);
 
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_assign(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
+static int nilfs_btree_assign(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                              struct buffer_head **bh,
                              sector_t blocknr,
                              union nilfs_binfo *binfo)
 {
-       struct nilfs_btree *btree;
        struct nilfs_btree_path *path;
        struct nilfs_btree_node *node;
        __u64 key;
        int level, ret;
 
-       btree = (struct nilfs_btree *)bmap;
        path = nilfs_btree_alloc_path();
        if (path == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
-       nilfs_btree_init_path(path);
 
        if (buffer_nilfs_node(*bh)) {
                node = (struct nilfs_btree_node *)(*bh)->b_data;
                key = nilfs_btree_node_get_key(node, 0);
                level = nilfs_btree_node_get_level(node);
        } else {
-               key = nilfs_bmap_data_get_key(bmap, *bh);
+               key = nilfs_bmap_data_get_key(btree, *bh);
                level = NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_DATA;
        }
 
-       ret = nilfs_btree_do_lookup(btree, path, key, NULL, level + 1);
+       ret = nilfs_btree_do_lookup(btree, path, key, NULL, level + 1, 0);
        if (ret < 0) {
                WARN_ON(ret == -ENOENT);
                goto out;
        }
 
-       ret = NILFS_BMAP_USE_VBN(bmap) ?
+       ret = NILFS_BMAP_USE_VBN(btree) ?
                nilfs_btree_assign_v(btree, path, level, bh, blocknr, binfo) :
                nilfs_btree_assign_p(btree, path, level, bh, blocknr, binfo);
 
  out:
-       nilfs_btree_release_path(path);
        nilfs_btree_free_path(path);
 
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_assign_gc(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
+static int nilfs_btree_assign_gc(struct nilfs_bmap *btree,
                                 struct buffer_head **bh,
                                 sector_t blocknr,
                                 union nilfs_binfo *binfo)
@@ -2177,7 +2188,7 @@ static int nilfs_btree_assign_gc(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
        __u64 key;
        int ret;
 
-       ret = nilfs_dat_move(nilfs_bmap_get_dat(bmap), (*bh)->b_blocknr,
+       ret = nilfs_dat_move(nilfs_bmap_get_dat(btree), (*bh)->b_blocknr,
                             blocknr);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;
@@ -2186,30 +2197,27 @@ static int nilfs_btree_assign_gc(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap,
                node = (struct nilfs_btree_node *)(*bh)->b_data;
                key = nilfs_btree_node_get_key(node, 0);
        } else
-               key = nilfs_bmap_data_get_key(bmap, *bh);
+               key = nilfs_bmap_data_get_key(btree, *bh);
 
        /* on-disk format */
        binfo->bi_v.bi_vblocknr = cpu_to_le64((*bh)->b_blocknr);
-       binfo->bi_v.bi_blkoff = nilfs_bmap_key_to_dkey(key);
+       binfo->bi_v.bi_blkoff = cpu_to_le64(key);
 
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int nilfs_btree_mark(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap, __u64 key, int level)
+static int nilfs_btree_mark(struct nilfs_bmap *btree, __u64 key, int level)
 {
        struct buffer_head *bh;
-       struct nilfs_btree *btree;
        struct nilfs_btree_path *path;
        __u64 ptr;
        int ret;
 
-       btree = (struct nilfs_btree *)bmap;
        path = nilfs_btree_alloc_path();
        if (path == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
-       nilfs_btree_init_path(path);
 
-       ret = nilfs_btree_do_lookup(btree, path, key, &ptr, level + 1);
+       ret = nilfs_btree_do_lookup(btree, path, key, &ptr, level + 1, 0);
        if (ret < 0) {
                WARN_ON(ret == -ENOENT);
                goto out;
@@ -2223,11 +2231,10 @@ static int nilfs_btree_mark(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap, __u64 key, int level)
        if (!buffer_dirty(bh))
                nilfs_btnode_mark_dirty(bh);
        brelse(bh);
-       if (!nilfs_bmap_dirty(&btree->bt_bmap))
-               nilfs_bmap_set_dirty(&btree->bt_bmap);
+       if (!nilfs_bmap_dirty(btree))
+               nilfs_bmap_set_dirty(btree);
 
  out:
-       nilfs_btree_release_path(path);
        nilfs_btree_free_path(path);
        return ret;
 }
@@ -2275,10 +2282,14 @@ static const struct nilfs_bmap_operations nilfs_btree_ops_gc = {
 int nilfs_btree_init(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap)
 {
        bmap->b_ops = &nilfs_btree_ops;
+       bmap->b_nchildren_per_block =
+               NILFS_BTREE_NODE_NCHILDREN_MAX(nilfs_btree_node_size(bmap));
        return 0;
 }
 
 void nilfs_btree_init_gc(struct nilfs_bmap *bmap)
 {
        bmap->b_ops = &nilfs_btree_ops_gc;
+       bmap->b_nchildren_per_block =
+               NILFS_BTREE_NODE_NCHILDREN_MAX(nilfs_btree_node_size(bmap));
 }