2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
17 #include <linux/initrd.h>
18 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
19 #include <linux/highmem.h>
20 #include <linux/gfp.h>
21 #include <linux/memblock.h>
22 #include <linux/sort.h>
24 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
26 #include <asm/sections.h>
27 #include <asm/setup.h>
28 #include <asm/sizes.h>
30 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
31 #include <asm/memory.h>
33 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
34 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
38 static unsigned long phys_initrd_start __initdata = 0;
39 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata = 0;
41 static int __init early_initrd(char *p)
43 unsigned long start, size;
46 start = memparse(p, &endp);
48 size = memparse(endp + 1, NULL);
50 phys_initrd_start = start;
51 phys_initrd_size = size;
55 early_param("initrd", early_initrd);
57 static int __init parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag *tag)
59 printk(KERN_WARNING "ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
60 "please update your bootloader.\n");
61 phys_initrd_start = __virt_to_phys(tag->u.initrd.start);
62 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
66 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD, parse_tag_initrd);
68 static int __init parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag *tag)
70 phys_initrd_start = tag->u.initrd.start;
71 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
75 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2, parse_tag_initrd2);
77 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE
78 void __init early_init_dt_setup_initrd_arch(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
80 phys_initrd_start = start;
81 phys_initrd_size = end - start;
83 #endif /* CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE */
86 * This keeps memory configuration data used by a couple memory
87 * initialization functions, as well as show_mem() for the skipping
88 * of holes in the memory map. It is populated by arm_add_memory().
90 struct meminfo meminfo;
92 void show_mem(unsigned int filter)
94 int free = 0, total = 0, reserved = 0;
95 int shared = 0, cached = 0, slab = 0, i;
96 struct meminfo * mi = &meminfo;
98 printk("Mem-info:\n");
99 show_free_areas(filter);
101 for_each_bank (i, mi) {
102 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
103 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
104 struct page *page, *end;
106 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
107 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
109 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
110 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
114 if (PageReserved(page))
116 else if (PageSwapCache(page))
118 else if (PageSlab(page))
120 else if (!page_count(page))
123 shared += page_count(page) - 1;
125 } while (page < end);
128 printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total);
129 printk("%d free pages\n", free);
130 printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved);
131 printk("%d slab pages\n", slab);
132 printk("%d pages shared\n", shared);
133 printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached);
136 static void __init find_limits(unsigned long *min, unsigned long *max_low,
137 unsigned long *max_high)
139 struct meminfo *mi = &meminfo;
143 *max_low = *max_high = 0;
145 for_each_bank (i, mi) {
146 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
147 unsigned long start, end;
149 start = bank_pfn_start(bank);
150 end = bank_pfn_end(bank);
163 static void __init arm_bootmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn,
164 unsigned long end_pfn)
166 struct memblock_region *reg;
167 unsigned int boot_pages;
172 * Allocate the bootmem bitmap page. This must be in a region
173 * of memory which has already been mapped.
175 boot_pages = bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn - start_pfn);
176 bitmap = memblock_alloc_base(boot_pages << PAGE_SHIFT, L1_CACHE_BYTES,
177 __pfn_to_phys(end_pfn));
180 * Initialise the bootmem allocator, handing the
181 * memory banks over to bootmem.
184 pgdat = NODE_DATA(0);
185 init_bootmem_node(pgdat, __phys_to_pfn(bitmap), start_pfn, end_pfn);
187 /* Free the lowmem regions from memblock into bootmem. */
188 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
189 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
190 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
197 free_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start), (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT);
200 /* Reserve the lowmem memblock reserved regions in bootmem. */
201 for_each_memblock(reserved, reg) {
202 unsigned long start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(reg);
203 unsigned long end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(reg);
210 reserve_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start),
211 (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
215 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
217 #ifdef ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE
218 unsigned long arm_dma_zone_size = ARM_DMA_ZONE_SIZE;
220 unsigned long arm_dma_zone_size __read_mostly;
222 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arm_dma_zone_size);
225 * The DMA mask corresponding to the maximum bus address allocatable
226 * using GFP_DMA. The default here places no restriction on DMA
227 * allocations. This must be the smallest DMA mask in the system,
228 * so a successful GFP_DMA allocation will always satisfy this.
232 static void __init arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size, unsigned long *hole,
233 unsigned long dma_size)
235 if (size[0] <= dma_size)
238 size[ZONE_NORMAL] = size[0] - dma_size;
239 size[ZONE_DMA] = dma_size;
240 hole[ZONE_NORMAL] = hole[0];
245 static void __init arm_bootmem_free(unsigned long min, unsigned long max_low,
246 unsigned long max_high)
248 unsigned long zone_size[MAX_NR_ZONES], zhole_size[MAX_NR_ZONES];
249 struct memblock_region *reg;
252 * initialise the zones.
254 memset(zone_size, 0, sizeof(zone_size));
257 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
258 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
259 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
261 zone_size[0] = max_low - min;
262 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
263 zone_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] = max_high - max_low;
267 * Calculate the size of the holes.
268 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
270 memcpy(zhole_size, zone_size, sizeof(zhole_size));
271 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
272 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
273 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
275 if (start < max_low) {
276 unsigned long low_end = min(end, max_low);
277 zhole_size[0] -= low_end - start;
279 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
281 unsigned long high_start = max(start, max_low);
282 zhole_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] -= end - high_start;
287 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
289 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
292 if (arm_dma_zone_size) {
293 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size, zhole_size,
294 arm_dma_zone_size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
295 arm_dma_limit = PHYS_OFFSET + arm_dma_zone_size - 1;
297 arm_dma_limit = 0xffffffff;
300 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size, min, zhole_size);
303 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
304 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
306 return memblock_is_memory(pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
308 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid);
311 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
312 static void arm_memory_present(void)
316 static void arm_memory_present(void)
318 struct memblock_region *reg;
320 for_each_memblock(memory, reg)
321 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg),
322 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg));
326 static int __init meminfo_cmp(const void *_a, const void *_b)
328 const struct membank *a = _a, *b = _b;
329 long cmp = bank_pfn_start(a) - bank_pfn_start(b);
330 return cmp < 0 ? -1 : cmp > 0 ? 1 : 0;
333 void __init arm_memblock_init(struct meminfo *mi, struct machine_desc *mdesc)
337 sort(&meminfo.bank, meminfo.nr_banks, sizeof(meminfo.bank[0]), meminfo_cmp, NULL);
340 for (i = 0; i < mi->nr_banks; i++)
341 memblock_add(mi->bank[i].start, mi->bank[i].size);
343 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
344 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
345 memblock_reserve(__pa(_sdata), _end - _sdata);
347 memblock_reserve(__pa(_stext), _end - _stext);
349 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
350 if (phys_initrd_size &&
351 !memblock_is_region_memory(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
352 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
353 phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
354 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
356 if (phys_initrd_size &&
357 memblock_is_region_reserved(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
358 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
359 phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
360 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
362 if (phys_initrd_size) {
363 memblock_reserve(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
365 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
366 initrd_start = __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start);
367 initrd_end = initrd_start + phys_initrd_size;
371 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
372 arm_dt_memblock_reserve();
374 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
382 void __init bootmem_init(void)
384 unsigned long min, max_low, max_high;
386 max_low = max_high = 0;
388 find_limits(&min, &max_low, &max_high);
390 arm_bootmem_init(min, max_low);
393 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
394 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
396 arm_memory_present();
399 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
404 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
405 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
406 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
408 arm_bootmem_free(min, max_low, max_high);
410 high_memory = __va(((phys_addr_t)max_low << PAGE_SHIFT) - 1) + 1;
413 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
414 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
415 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
417 * Note: max_low_pfn and max_pfn reflect the number of _pages_ in
418 * the system, not the maximum PFN.
420 max_low_pfn = max_low - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
421 max_pfn = max_high - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
424 static inline int free_area(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long end, char *s)
426 unsigned int pages = 0, size = (end - pfn) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10);
428 for (; pfn < end; pfn++) {
429 struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
430 ClearPageReserved(page);
431 init_page_count(page);
437 printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s memory: %dK\n", s, size);
443 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
445 struct page *start_pg, *end_pg;
446 unsigned long pg, pgend;
449 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
451 start_pg = pfn_to_page(start_pfn - 1) + 1;
452 end_pg = pfn_to_page(end_pfn - 1) + 1;
455 * Convert to physical addresses, and
456 * round start upwards and end downwards.
458 pg = (unsigned long)PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg));
459 pgend = (unsigned long)__pa(end_pg) & PAGE_MASK;
462 * If there are free pages between these,
463 * free the section of the memmap array.
466 free_bootmem(pg, pgend - pg);
470 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
472 static void __init free_unused_memmap(struct meminfo *mi)
474 unsigned long bank_start, prev_bank_end = 0;
478 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
479 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
481 for_each_bank(i, mi) {
482 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
484 bank_start = bank_pfn_start(bank);
486 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
488 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
489 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
491 bank_start = min(bank_start,
492 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
495 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
496 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
498 if (prev_bank_end && prev_bank_end < bank_start)
499 free_memmap(prev_bank_end, bank_start);
502 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
503 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
504 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
506 prev_bank_end = ALIGN(bank_pfn_end(bank), MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
509 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
510 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION))
511 free_memmap(prev_bank_end,
512 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
516 static void __init free_highpages(void)
518 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
519 unsigned long max_low = max_low_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
520 struct memblock_region *mem, *res;
522 /* set highmem page free */
523 for_each_memblock(memory, mem) {
524 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem);
525 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem);
527 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
531 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
535 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
536 for_each_memblock(reserved, res) {
537 unsigned long res_start, res_end;
539 res_start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res);
540 res_end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res);
544 if (res_start < start)
550 if (res_start != start)
551 totalhigh_pages += free_area(start, res_start,
558 /* And now free anything which remains */
560 totalhigh_pages += free_area(start, end, NULL);
562 totalram_pages += totalhigh_pages;
567 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
568 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
569 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
571 void __init mem_init(void)
573 unsigned long reserved_pages, free_pages;
574 struct memblock_region *reg;
576 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
577 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
582 max_mapnr = pfn_to_page(max_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET) - mem_map;
584 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
585 free_unused_memmap(&meminfo);
587 totalram_pages += free_all_bootmem();
590 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
591 totalram_pages += free_area(PHYS_PFN_OFFSET,
592 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(swapper_pg_dir)), NULL);
597 reserved_pages = free_pages = 0;
599 for_each_bank(i, &meminfo) {
600 struct membank *bank = &meminfo.bank[i];
601 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
602 struct page *page, *end;
604 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
605 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
607 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
608 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
611 if (PageReserved(page))
613 else if (!page_count(page))
616 } while (page < end);
620 * Since our memory may not be contiguous, calculate the
621 * real number of pages we have in this system
623 printk(KERN_INFO "Memory:");
625 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
626 unsigned long pages = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg) -
627 memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
628 num_physpages += pages;
629 printk(" %ldMB", pages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT));
631 printk(" = %luMB total\n", num_physpages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT));
633 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Memory: %luk/%luk available, %luk reserved, %luK highmem\n",
634 nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
635 free_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
636 reserved_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
637 totalhigh_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10));
639 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
640 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
641 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
643 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
644 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
645 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
646 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
647 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
649 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
651 " DMA : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
653 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
654 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
655 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
656 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
658 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
659 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
660 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
661 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
662 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n",
664 MLK(UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE), UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE) +
666 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
667 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) dtcm_end),
668 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) itcm_end),
670 MLK(FIXADDR_START, FIXADDR_TOP),
672 MLM(CONSISTENT_BASE, CONSISTENT_END),
674 MLM(VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END),
675 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET, (unsigned long)high_memory),
676 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
677 MLM(PKMAP_BASE, (PKMAP_BASE) + (LAST_PKMAP) *
680 MLM(MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END),
682 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin, __init_end),
683 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text, _etext),
684 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata, _edata),
685 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start, __bss_stop));
692 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
693 * be detected at build time already.
696 BUILD_BUG_ON(VMALLOC_END > CONSISTENT_BASE);
697 BUG_ON(VMALLOC_END > CONSISTENT_BASE);
699 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
700 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
703 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
704 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
705 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
708 if (PAGE_SIZE >= 16384 && num_physpages <= 128) {
709 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory;
711 * On a machine this small we won't get
712 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
715 sysctl_overcommit_memory = OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS;
719 void free_initmem(void)
721 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
722 extern char __tcm_start, __tcm_end;
724 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_start)),
725 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_end)),
729 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
730 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_begin)),
731 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_end)),
735 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
737 static int keep_initrd;
739 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
742 totalram_pages += free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(start)),
743 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(end)),
747 static int __init keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused)
753 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup);